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Alle Modalverben einfach erklärt | Deutsch lernen A2, B1, B2

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  1. Can you do that? Do you want that? Do you have to? Hello and welcome to the Lingster Academy! I'm your German teacher Julia and today we're starting the free grammar workshop on German modal verbs.
  2. It consists of several videos and many exercises in which you will learn everything about the topic. Modal verbs are much more than permission, prohibition or possibility. Do you know subjective modal verbs? “Ms. Müller is said to have quit!” This is a great way to spread rumors
  3. and make assumptions. There are modal verbs in the subjunctive I and II, they are also used in passive sentences and very important: the different tenses and the sentence structure of modal verbs in main and subordinate clauses. Then a sentence like this can come out:
  4. Julia said that the modal verbs had to be learned by her students. You see, modal verbs go up to B and even C levels! Therefore, I cordially invite you to the workshop to learn together with me! You can
  5. register for free using the link under this video and will then receive all the information and materials for practicing. You will also receive a written assignment that I will correct for you! So, are you ready? Then let's get started! What do
  6. modal verbs actually do? Take a look at the following examples: I want to dance. I can dance. I can dance. I should dance. I have to dance. I want to dance.
  7. As you can see, all six examples are about dancing, but each example has a different meaning. Because modal verbs have the function of modifying a verb like dancing or sleeping. This changes the meaning of a statement. Dancing can be a desire, a skill
  8. or a possibility, a permission, a request or necessity, a duty or even an intention. Modal verbs are usually combined with another verb in the infinitive, i.e. in its basic form. But that doesn't always have to be the case. Take a look at these examples:
  9. I want some ice cream. You're not allowed to do that! Can you speak German? In these cases we automatically know that you are eating ice cream, that you are not allowed to do something and that you can speak German.
  10. We will now look at the individual modal verbs and their usage in detail. The most important modal verbs in German are: can, may, want, should, must and would like, which actually comes from the verb like.
  11. Can The modal verb “can” expresses an ability or possibility. It shows that someone has mastered something or is able to do something.
  12. I can swim well. (Skill: I learned how to swim.) Can you help me? (Possibility: Are you able to help me?) He/she/it cannot sleep well. (Inability: I am not able...)
  13. We can go to consultation hours from 8 a.m. (We have the opportunity to attend the consultation hours from 8 a.m.) You can sleep late on the weekend. (Possibility: You have time to sleep late on the weekend.)
  14. You can come tomorrow. (Possibility: It is possible for them to come tomorrow.) 2. May "May" means that you have permission to do something. It shows what
  15. is allowed. Not allowed is the opposite, i.e. it is a ban. Can I park here? (Permission: Is it allowed to park here?) You can stay up late today. (Permission: You are allowed to stay awake later today.)
  16. He/she/it is allowed to go to the cinema on the weekend. (Permission: Parents allow the children to go to the cinema on weekends.) We are not allowed to smoke here. (Negation with not/no- = ban: It is forbidden to smoke here.)
  17. You can ask me anything! (I allow you to ask me anything.) You are not allowed to use your cell phone at school. (Ban: Children are forbidden from using their cell phones at school.)
  18. There are often problems with the difference between may and can because in many languages ​​there is only one verb for it. The verb may is often used for something that is legal, for example in Germany you can drink beer at the age of 16. This is legal,
  19. therefore allowed. In the USA you can drive a car at the age of 16. but you are not allowed to drink alcohol. A negation expresses a prohibition, in this case something illegal. I would like to explain the difference between being allowed to do something (=it is allowed) and
  20. being able to do something (=I have learned something) with a nice example: This child can drive a car, but he is not allowed to drive a car yet. Sure, right? Let's move on to
  21. 3. Must "Have to" expresses a necessity or compulsion. It shows that something is mandatory or must be done and there is no alternative.
  22. I have to get up early tomorrow. (Necessity: It is necessary that I get up early tomorrow so that I can get to work on time.) You have to do this immediately! (Compulsory: You must do this immediately.) He/she/it must speak German in the German course.
  23. (Compulsory/"mandatory" rule: In the German course there is a rule to speak German.) We have to follow the rules. (Necessity: It is necessary that we follow the rules.) You have to take the car to the workshop. (Necessity: It is necessary
  24. that the car be brought to the workshop.) You must register by next week. (Necessity: It is necessary to register by a certain day.) Attention: If I don't have to do something, that doesn't mean a ban, but that there
  25. is no compulsion or I have no obligation: I don't have to get up early on the weekend, because I don't have to work. This means I can sleep in if I want! Number
  26. 4. Should "Should" is used to express a recommendation or obligation, often coming from another person. It shows that something is expected of someone.
  27. Should I close the window? (Another person's request: Do you want me to close the window?) You should eat more vegetables. (Recommendation/request from another person: Your mother, for example, wants you to eat more vegetables.)
  28. He/she should be here tomorrow at 8 a.m. (Commitment: He is expected to be here at 8am tomorrow.) We are supposed to hand in the homework tomorrow. (Commitment: The teacher wants the students to hand in the homework tomorrow.)
  29. You shouldn't be so loud! (Commitment: Someone doesn't want us to be loud.) They should exercise more. (Another person's recommendation: The doctor said: Do more exercise.)
  30. The verb should is also used to make suggestions, for example: Should we study together? This means: Do you want us to learn together? I can also ask: Should we cook together on the weekend? Or: Should I cook you something delicious?
  31. You probably also know the subjunctive II, then it is “should”. This verb is often used to give advice, for example: You should eat more vegetables. We 'll talk about this in the second part of this workshop, but it's important that you know the difference:
  32. you should eat more vegetables. -> Someone, e.g. your mother or your doctor, told you: Eat more vegetables! You should eat more vegetables. -> Advice in the subjunctive II The first sentence is not advice, but an
  33. obligation from another person and therefore has a stronger effect. The difference to the modal verb must is also important. Take a look at these two examples: I should learn German. I have to learn German.
  34. In the first sentence, the obligation or wish comes from another person, e.g.: My boss wants me to learn German. -> I should learn German. The second sentence is either about the fact
  35. that I want it myself or that German, for example, is a compulsory subject at my school. Let's continue: 5. Want
  36. With "want" you express a strong wish, an intention or a plan. It shows what someone wants or intends to do. I want to be a doctor. (Wish: My goal or wish is to become a doctor.)
  37. Do you want to go to the cinema with me? (Intention: Do you have the intention/ desire to go to the cinema with me?) He/she/it wants to eat pizza tonight. (Wish: Someone would like to eat pizza.) We want to go on a trip around the world. (Wish:
  38. Our plan is to travel around the world.) Do you want to finish the project this week? (Plan/Goal: Do you plan to finish the project this week?) You want to speak perfect German.
  39. (Intention/Goal/Wish: You have the desire to speak perfect German.) So you can use this modal verb to express your desires, but “want” is a little rude when you want something from another person.
  40. This brings us to the last modal verb for today: “want”. 6. “Would like” First, some important information: Actually, “would like” is not an infinitive,
  41. but the subjunctive II of the verb like. "Want" expresses a polite wish and is therefore an elegant alternative to the modal verb want. So use “I would like” if you, for example, E.g. you're in a café.
  42. Here are a few examples: I want to go to the sea at the weekend. (I have a desire to go to the sea.) Would you like to take a German test this year? (Wish/goal/intention: Do you plan
  43. to take a German test?) He/she/it doesn't want to go to school today. (Wish: The child has no desire to go to school today.) We would like a kilo of tomatoes, please. (Wish: We would like to buy tomatoes.)
  44. Would you like to eat another piece of cake? (Wish: Do you want to eat more cake?) You would like to reorient yourself professionally. (Wish: You have the intention to reorient yourself professionally.
  45. want and want are used the same way in many contexts. So if you don't want something from another person, but from yourself or offer something, want is also okay. The verb Want generally expresses a stronger desire, look:
  46. The boss wants to talk to you. The boss wants to talk to you. The desire is stronger in the second sentence than in the first because wishes are more polite and not as direct Sound makes the music.
  47. Now you have a pretty good overview of how to use the different modal verbs, right? At the end of this first lesson I would like to talk about two important things, firstly the sentence structure and then the different tenses, they somehow belong together :
  48. Present: I haven't been able to sleep well for days. Past perfect: Klaus wanted to give his wife a bouquet of flowers. Perfect: We had to work late into the night.
  49. They actually wanted to get married in the summer. Future tense I: You will be able to pass the exam. I don't actually want to go into the future tense II
  50. because it is basically never used and is simply too complicated. You see that in main sentences the modal verb is on the left if the sentence is in the present or past tense. But if it is a compound tense,
  51. as with the perfect, pluperfect or future I tense, then the conjugated auxiliary verb is on the left and the modal verb at the very end on the right with a double infinitive. We'll look at the sentence structure in the subordinate clause in the next video, because that's where it gets a little more complex.
  52. And where are modal verbs in questions? Take a look: Present tense: Can I ask you something? Past tense: Weren't you going to call me at 8 o'clock?
  53. Perfect: Why didn't you want to accept my help? Past perfect: Didn't the couple actually want to separate? Future Tense I: Will he ever be able to forgive me?
  54. As you can see, the modal verb is also on the left in questions, except in compound tenses. Sure, it looks like it's usually at the beginning of a sentence, but in the 3rd example in the perfect tense, you can see that an interrogative pronoun is at the front if there is one.
  55. In summary, modal verbs are used together with the infinitive of the main verb - in some examples you can leave it out, as I showed you at the beginning, e.g. I want to (eat) some ice cream.
  56. The main verb is usually at the end, unless it is a compound tense, in which case the modal verb is at the end. I made a nice summary for you, you can find it in the free materials of the
  57. workshop, the link is in the description under this video. I have already prepared some nice tasks for you there so that you can practice the topic well. If you have any questions, Just write me a comment and I'll try to help you!
  58. And that was the first part of the new grammar workshop. I'm already looking forward to next time, because then we'll look at the modal verbs in their subjective use as well as in the subjunctive and in subordinate clauses!
  59. I'll say goodbye again, see you in the next video! Your Julia

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