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Your Ultimate Guide to Reflexive Pronouns in German
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- hello reflexive pronouns are words that are used in place of a noun as the direct object or indirect object of a sentence when both the subject and the
- object are the same person place or thing most of the time these are used with people but it is possible to use them in other circumstances in German
- they very closely resemble the personal pronouns and the accusative and dative cases with a few small Exceptions there are links in the description to my
- videos about those those two groups of pronouns but I will also review them a bit in this video let's look at an example of a reflexive pronoun in use so
- we understand why we need them in the first place he shaves himself this is a pretty basic example there is a subject a and
- an object Z the subject is shaving the object and the subject and object are the same person okay but why can't we just say he shaves like we would in
- English why do we have to identify the person or thing being shaven the verb requires an object you can't just shave in German you have to identify the
- person or object that is being shaven it's just how the verb works okay so why can't you just say he shaves his face the problem here is that we can't
- be 100% sure that the A and refer to the same person if the person shaving is masculine and the person being shaven is masculine the
- sentence would be used to describe this situation so I'm using a reflexive pronoun to show that I'm not shaving someone else's face pretty much yeah
- well how would you say he is shaving his face with the intent that both he and his are referring to the same
- person he shaves his face why and not well it would be a bit redundant you already identified whose face it is by using the reflexive Z this tells us that
- the person being shaven is the same as the he in the subject once you have already done that you just need to identify the part of that person that is
- being shaven which is Das that said the sentence is a perfectly normal way of phrasing that same expression you can express it either way but the reflexive
- pronoun must still be there no matter which version you use now that you've wrapped your brain around the why let's talk about the how if you're familiar
- with the personal pronouns in German you will know that there are nine of them in each of the nominative accusative and dative cases if you know those you
- already have four of the nine rows in this chart the only thing that changes between the personal pronouns chart and the reflexive pronouns chart is the word
- Z this word is kind of the de facto reflexive pronoun when people want to illustrate that a verb is being used reflexively they use the pronoun Z to
- indicate this the pronoun Z is is used for all of the third person reflexive forms this follows with the a z s and plural Z forms the formal u z is also
- used with the pronoun Z this is easily explained by past me for my A1 beginner course video the pronoun that is now used as the formal u in German is
- actually derived from the third person plural Z which is they in English this comes from the idea that if you were to show someone respect back in the olden
- days you shouldn't address them directly at all which means that Z is less a formal version of you than a capitalized version of they this also explains the
- reason why Z and z are always the same on these charts and they always take the same form of the verb with all of the times that Z is used in this chart you
- can actually condense the reflexive pronouns chart down to six rows instead of the standard nine now our chart looks like this some teachers condense this
- even further because most of the pronouns are the same between the accusative and dative cases then the chart looks like this this is my
- personal favorite version of the reflexive pronouns chart I leave the nominative case personal pronouns column in there for reference and combine as
- much of the rest of the chart as I can so that you don't have to memorize as much stuff if the subject uses one of the nominative case personal pronouns
- use the corresponding reflexive pronoun if you need one of those obviously you can also figure out which reflexive pronoun to use by finding which
- nominative case personal pronoun would replace the noun or nouns that are the subject in any given sentence let's take a look at some more
- examples I am showering is the subject so the reflexive pronoun must be from the same Row in the chart I use the accusative
- one here but I'll explain when to use the accusative or dative ones in a few minutes change your clothes here I used a command which
- removes the pronoun do from the sentence this does not change the reflexive pronoun however we still need the reflexive pronoun to match the invisible
- subject do in the sentence again I chose the accusative case version but more on that in a
- bit my brother is brushing his teeth if you replace M budha with a pronoun you would say a in this sentence so we need a reflexive pronoun from that same Row
- the only one in that row is the woman is brushing her hair if you replace the FR with a pronoun you would
- use Z again the only reflexive pronoun from that same row is the girl concentrates on the
- homework we are looking forward to the weekend you will catch a
- c students are becoming annoyed about the homework don't get so agitated as you can see in those examples the subject
- and the object are the same person so we use the reflexive pronoun that is in the same row as the subject now let's figure out which column to use when do we use
- the accusative and when do we use the dative pronouns the deciding factor between accusative and dative reflexive pronouns is the presence of a direct
- object or the lack thereof if there is already an object in the sentence before you add in the reflexive pronoun the reflexive must be dative as the other
- object takes the accusative spot if there is not another object however the reflexive pronoun is used in the accusative case for
- example I am washing myself here the only object is the reflexive pronoun M we use the accusative case because there is not another
- object I am washing my hands in this sentence the hands are the direct object which puts them in the accusative case the only space left for the reflexive
- pronoun is in the dative case so I used Mia instead of M for this one you can also think of the default position for reflexive pronouns as the accusative
- case as they usually represent the direct object of the sentence when you add in an additional object that object takes on the role of the direct object
- accusative case and the reflexive pronoun is now in the position of the indirect object dative case let's try a few more
- examples imagine a unicorn this sentence has the word Einhorn as the direct object this forces the reflexive pronoun to use the dative case the verb foran
- can be a bit confusing for example you might say something like this imagine you are the teacher you don't see a direct object in this
- sentence but the Clause after the comma sort of acts like a direct object in this sentence which puts the reflexive pronoun into the dative case there's
- also another version of this verb for if you use the accusative case with your reflexive pronoun with this verb the translation becomes to introduce oneself
- for example introduce yourself some students of German are confused when there is a prepositional phrase in the sentence in
- English we sometimes think that these things are acting like direct objects so the students want to use the dative reflexive pronouns but that is not the
- case here's an example of what I mean I am getting used to my new shoes one might think that the shoes are the
- direct object of the sentence but in German the preposition on is being used the shoes are simply the object of that preposition they are not the direct
- object the only direct object in this sentence is me the accusative reflexive pronoun another verb that acts like this is to remember it is paired with a
- preposition an to express that you remember something for example I remember my first car this is especially confusing as the English
- translation does use the car as the direct object of the sentence while the German sentence keeps Das Alto in the prepositional phrase with an the
- reflexive pronoun therefore is accusative one of the cool things about reflexive pronouns is their impact on several phrases with two-way
- prepositions when you use a two-way preposition in a sentence with a reflexive pronoun there is a good chance that you need the accusative case for
- both the reflexive pronoun and and the object of that two-way preposition let me show you what I
- mean sit down at the table the reflexive pronoun is being used here because the verb zeton requires you to identify what is being set this is the direct object
- the thing being set is the same as the subject so you use the reflexive pronoun since the prepositional phrase is expressing a change in location of that
- direct object the two-way preposition is also used with the accusative case I am laying down on the sofa for a while this sentence always confuse me as a
- German student why is there a reflexive pronoun there at all why does the preposition require the accusative case how does any of this make sense with the
- words AAA in there if you're laying down for a while that doesn't describe a change in location in my mind in reality there's a bit more going on here similar
- to the verb zet the verb lean requires a direct object if the subject is the same as that direct object you need the reflexive pronoun since the verb itself
- indicates a change in location for the direct object the preposition requires that same description as well this makes the preposition require the accusative
- case as it shows to where the m is being laid down the words inaa simply tells us how long I intend on remaining in my new location this does not affect the case
- of either the reflexive or the two-way preposition the last version of things that I want to talk to you about is something that I mentioned earlier when
- you use a reflexive pronoun with a command you have to remember what the subject is this is a bit tricky for the do and ear form commands as they require
- you to remove the pronoun when you form them this is sometimes confusing to German Learners so I wanted to take a look at a few commands in various forms
- with reflexive pronouns to see how they work hurry up here we use the do form command in a statement the sentence would
- be you are hurrying when we change this into a command we remove the pronoun do and the St at the end of the verb the reflexive pronoun remains in the
- sentence and matches the subject that is not actually said or written in the sentence take care of the baby in this one I use the ear form command the
- regular statement version of this would be you are taking care of the baby in the command form we simply remove the pronoun I the reflexive pronoun still
- matches that subject even though it is not explicitly said or written in the command don't be afraid of my dog in this one we clearly see that the pronoun
- Z is still there so it's less confusing than the previous two examples the reflexive pronoun still matches the subject Z just as the other sentences
- match their subjects I made a video just for you it's linked over here and it includes 62 example sentences using reflexive verbs if you want to know why
- it is that I've never called any of today's verbs reflexive verbs click over here to see my explanation about
- that next
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