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What is concert pitch, and why and how do instruments transpose?
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- concert pitch and transposing instruments everything you need to know so you don't fail music class in seven minutes if you're playing the piano and
- you're asked to play a C you just play a C but if you're playing the trumpet we have to have a talk so why is a C on the piano different from a C on the trumpet
- the alto sax or the English horn it all has to do with transposition there are two basic categories of instruments as far as transposition is concerned there
- are concert pitch instruments also known as non transposing instruments and transposing instruments for non transposing instruments the sounding
- pitch is the same as the written pitch if you ask for a C you'll get a C in fact concert pitch instruments are said to be in the key of C but transposing
- instruments are different they're sounding pitches different than the written picture that appears on the page and the amount of differs changes
- depending on the specific transposition of the instrument transposition is almost like those secret codes you did as a kid where each letter the alphabet
- is shifted or transposed so a is B and B is C and so on and use that code to decipher a message for example the clarinet and b-flat when a c is written
- on music for clarinet the sound that will actually come out is a b-flat the sounding pitch is a major second lower than the written pitch of course this
- affects all the notes for clarinet they all come out a major second lower than rim b-flat is a common transposition other b-flat instruments include tenor
- and soprano saxophones most trumpets cornets and flugelhorns and bass clarinet another common transposition is a flat E flat instruments include alto
- and baritone saxophone as well as some trumpets and clarinets when an e-flat instrument plays a c' written on the page the sounding pitch is a flat nearly
- any transposition as possible though some are more common and some are extremely rare but they all work the same way the sounding pitch of a written
- C is the key of the instrument at this point you may be wondering why why do some instruments transpose at all why not just have instruments to find their
- fingerings and notations so they match with concert pitch it does seem like a crazy idea at first and there's no one reason why instruments transpose some of
- the transpositions that became common had more to do with pure dumb luck of history rather than logic or ease-of-use but the system does have some distinct
- benefits for example there are many types of saxophones ranging from very low instruments to very high but the fingerings are always the same a written
- C is the same on all saxophones even though the pitch that comes out is different if you play one saxophone you can theoretically pick up any saxophone
- and play a very different role in the bandwidth-limited physical or mental adjustment this system wouldn't apply string instruments which look similar
- but all have completely different fingerings similarly clarinets in the key of A are sometimes used instead of the more common B flat clarinet to put
- music into much more desirable keys here's an excerpt of the Mozart clarinet concerto it's not a simple piece but compared to this more sharps double
- sharps and generally just more difficult neither is particularly easy but one is clearly preferable also the larger bass clarinet and smaller a flat clarinet are
- useful for expanding the range of the instrument while maintaining a consistent set of fingerings much like the saxophone trumpet players use
- instruments in different keys for a slightly different purpose an experienced trumpet player will have almost the same range on their upper
- register no matter what trumpet they play though they will lose the ability to play lower when playing smaller instruments however intonation and
- agility may be much more desirable on a trumpet in a different key for a specific piece of music think of the last time you moved a large piece of
- furniture and thought this isn't so heavy it's just awkward playing a smaller trumpet can make a piece less awkward even if it's still physically
- demanding most of the time in a band or Orchestra transposed music is provided for every instrument so everyone can just play what's on the page and there
- are no problems but confusion can still occur with so many different transpositions in the same ensemble that's why we usually default to
- speaking in concert pitch especially when speaking to a group of musicians for instance the conductor might say let's warm up with a C major scale and
- everyone is expected to know what that means for their own instrument so what's the rule how does everyone know what to do to play the right music it's
- basically a fill-in-the-blank scenario the first blank is the transposition you want basically what's the key of the instrument in your hand the second blank
- is the transposition you have concert pitch or possibly some other transposed part compare the keys in the two first blanks as if they were notes to get the
- third blank that will be the interval you need to apply to the music you have to get the music you want let's try a few examples if you play a b-flat
- instrument and want to play concert pitch music then you want music for your B flat instrument but you have music and concert pitch remember concert pitch is
- said to be in the key of C the interval of B flat to C is up a major second so to play concert pitch music on your B flat instrument transpose it up a major
- second for example if a B fly instruments ask to play a scale in C major they have to transpose it up a major second and play a D major scale on
- their instrument let's try another if you play an E flat instrument and want to play to pitch the first plank is the music
- you want Eve lat and the second blank is the music you have see comparing those two notes we see that it's either a minor third down or a major sixth up
- both will work and you'll get essentially the same answer just up or down the octave one might make more sense depending on the range of the
- instrument and the music involved so to play a C major scale in concert pitch you have to play it down a minor third or a major sixth up which would be a
- major on your instrument and he may choose to play it low or high finally let's try F if you play an F instrument and you want to play concert pitch music
- fill in the blanks with F and C notice that that's a perfect fourth down or a perfect fifth up so a C major scale in concert pitch would be a G major scale
- on your instrument and you can play it down here or up here this also works if you want to know what concert pitch is for music that's already been transposed
- for instance music for a flat alto sax the first blank is C because you want concert pitch but you have a flat music the interval of C to E flat is up a
- minor third so transpose your E flat music up a minor third and you'll get concert pitch and this formula can also be used to
- play music transposed for one instrument on another transposing instrument for instance what if you want to play music written for the horn and app but play it
- on a B flat trumpet as always start with the transposition you want B flat then fill in the pitch of the transposition you have half it's a perfect fourth down
- so read the horn part a perfect fourth down and you'll be playing the same music there's a final group of transpositions that only deal with
- octaves with these instruments if you ask for a C you'll get a C but in a different octave for instance both upright and
- electric basses transpose an octave they sound an octave lower than they are written guitars are the same but they do it in trouble clef rather than bass clef
- some vocal parts for tenors are also written this way because tenors like to think they're special the piccolo flute sounds an octave higher than written as
- does the xylophone the glockenspiel which is a real instrument no matter how made up the name sounds plays two octaves higher than the truth is there
- are a lot of different transpositions and it's tough to memorize them all but generally you don't have to if you happen to play a transposing instrument
- you should make it a priority to be very comfortable with transposing concert pitch to your instrument as well as the other way around if you're a composer or
- educator you'll probably want to be familiar with common transpositions even if music notation software does all the heavy lifting for you for the rest of us
- transposition is a part of musical life and it's useful for everyone to be at least somewhat familiar with the rules and concepts and that's transposition
- be sure to LIKE comment share and subscribe for more videos thanks for watching
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