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The Bare Essentials of Globalization - Englisch Abitur, Matura, GCSE
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- hi my name is Bernard from English one-trick pony and we're channel which can help you to study for your final exams whether it's
- to Jesus is the a-levels are the abbot or the motto of our or any kind of other exam maybe you just like to know more about a certain topic on this channel
- we'll be covering a wide range of topics including immigration the environment current political topics or how to deal with literature this series here is
- called the bare essentials and it informs you about the basics of a certain topic if you would like to delve deeper you can subscribe and you will be
- informed about upcoming more detailed videos on the same topic or new essentials on other topics but let's get into the bare essentials of
- globalization globalization is a huge topic and with any kind of huge topic it's always good to start out at a specific definition so in our case we're
- defining globalization globalization is a historical process this means it's not just something that's been around for a couple of years or decades been around
- for centuries it's a result of human innovation and technological progress it describes the movement of goods services and capital across borders and
- it also describes the movement of people ie labor or knowledge technology it has multiple dimensions but in this video we want to keep it relatively simple only
- talked about for we're going to talk about the economic dimension this will be the main focus and we'll also talk about the political dimension we'll talk
- about the cultural dimension and we will talk about the environmental dimension so back to the overview Friedman says if we want to have a look at the historical
- process of globalization we can subdivide that into three eras first year starts in 1492 and goes up to roughly 1800 he calls this Bureau 1.0
- and here we have countries as dynamic agents and we have a shrinking of the world from size large besides medium that's what Friedman says and the
- explanation for this shrinking is the discovery of America that's why we had 1492 here as the beginning and the ongoing age of exploration where many
- important seafarers went all over the world people like James Cook and Christopher Columbus for example and to find new territories and to connect them
- to their motherland and this is why we have countries as dynamic agents because it was countries that sort of made this happen that made these new connections
- that also had the power to say what was going to happen to which part of the world then from 1802 about around 2000 Friedman says we have IRRI 2.0 and here
- we have different agents whereas we had countries in era 1.0 we have companies that are the agents now so globalization in the era 2.0 was
- defined and spearheaded by companies the effect was that it Rangga world from size medium after it already been interconnected in the years before to
- size small and the explanation was on the one hand we had the industrialization which started at the end of the 18th century in Great Britain
- and but also the rise of private businessman and a middle class so from then on the power sort of the power of countries waned and individuals to go
- over these countries this power so we also have the beginning of the process of outsourcing in the 19th century and which also started in Great Britain
- because labor had become so cheap that did you could get labor any cheaper but you could get cheaper labor in other country so this
- started in the nineteenth century then Friedman says ehre 3.0 was from 2000 to the present and the explanation here I'm gonna start with this was the rapid
- spread of the internet and social media so the effect was that it Shrunk the world from size small to size tiny and whereas before the internet sort of
- spread rapidly especially in developed countries where as you could have products that had been produced all over the world now you could actually access
- places people and firms all over the world with just a mouse click so the agent now in this last era third era of globalization of course there might be a
- fourth some day and is that we have individuals at as agent so individuals anywhere in the world can become connectors they can become collaborators
- and they also have become competitors so for example if you look at your electronic device in front of you this is an effect of era 2.0 and it's made up
- of all sorts of different parts and ideas and technology designed all over the world and with this device you can connect to anyone in the world with just
- a click and Friedman says this is where globalization really got going ok back to the overview and of course when we talk about globalization we want to talk
- about whether it's a positive process overall or whether it's more negative than positive and in the list I'm going to give you of pros and cons this is a
- very short list and this is just a list that I came up with that I've selected and I for example I used my colon sees the pros and cons of globalization which
- was and published in Forbes magazine so I picked some of them out so in the 1990s colin says we had enormous support and the belief that
- everyone would benefit from globalization possible economic benefits by advocating free or freer trade on a worldwide market globalization promotes
- global economic growth and creates jobs that is a fact it makes companies more competitive because they have competitors all over
- the world and thus lowest prices for consumers that is also a fact it provides poor countries through infusions of foreign capital and
- technology with the chance to develop economically it can reduce poverty in those countries and it can lift global living standards benefits in other areas
- are for example that creates the conditions in which democracy and respect for human rights may flourish for example developed countries might
- say we are only going to trade with you if you change something for example if you sort of make child labour illegal that could be one of those benefits and
- it also promotes cultural intermingling and more influx of information between countries which then itself speeds up globalisation again so some very very
- heavy pros on the one side let's go into the con side and here I quoted Stieglitz so by mm the movement against globalization has become one of the
- largest movements worldwide and so if you want to check out the Occupy movement for example you can see what they stand for and what they criticize
- about globalization so from the 90s to the 2000s we have huge support to one of the largest movements against something worldwide and this is because economic
- studies show that globalization works a symmetrical E so less developed countries or poorer countries are actually were
- so but while rich countries profit poorer countries sometimes actually suffer they are worse off through globalization and I want to make one
- example and that is agriculture so industrialized nations they can demand poorer countries to open up their market markets and eliminate their
- subsidies and this is not a theoretical thing this is something that has been going on for quite some time um so they themselves do not eliminate their
- subsidies and do not totally open their markets for example in agriculture subsidies were and are being kept on agriculture and markets are partly
- closed to products from the outside so of course this is done to protect jobs and in Germany for example but it's the same in in Great Britain we heavily
- subsidize agriculture because otherwise there would be no one farming in Germany anymore because it's just not you don't earn enough money from farming only with
- the subsidies that the state pays so on the one hand we have subsidies and we have partly closed markets on the other hand and developing countries cannot do
- this so agriculture is the most important area in many poor countries in many countries actually 70% of the population directly or indirectly work
- in the agricultural sector so in order to keep up with the products supported by subsidies that are produced in industrialised nations developing
- countries don't have too many tools that we actually do this so one tool which of course is possible is to lower the income of people who work in the sector
- and this happens quite often so while developing countries play a role in the global market their workers do not profit from it but can actually
- you can actually decrease their earnings so andum some people have rightly called these practices neo-colonialist practices or they've called this system
- and system of neocolonialism another con of globalization is that globalization leads to greater environmental destruction for obvious reasons
- producing cheap cheap means producing against the environment so i quickly want to jump into globalization new colonias colonialism just because i
- think there might still be some question marks sort of bobbing above some head so let's quickly talk about this and i have two definitions here one of
- neocolonialism and that is the practice of using capitalism globalization and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country instead of the
- previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control and cultural imperialism just because it came up here refers to the
- creation and maintenance of unequal relationships so we could see this in our an example of agriculture between civilizations savoring a more powerful
- civilization so of course we can define different dimensions of neocolonialism or neo-colonialist subjugation i want to pick up four here one is economic we've
- focused on that one the other one is political then cultural so quite often we have this idea of a light cool tool that is a
- dominant culture and a subjugated culture where the dominant culture sort of seen as the superior culture the better culture and we have this quote
- unquote inferior culture which is sort of indirectly repressed so we can think of
- things like beauty ideals or well other things that are shared especially on social media or on also on traditional media think of Hollywood for example the
- last thing is linguistic subjugation and that is also we have a dominant language in less dominant language and the dominant language replacing the less
- dominant language might be step for step or it might be just quickly done by changing the law okay so have you looked at the definition talked about three
- eras and gone into pros and cons of globalization so the question is well what can we say about globalization
- overall what kind of process is it is it positive is it negative and of course we have to see it well split globalization per se is not a bad thing it has many
- good opportunities but although some countries have benefited heavily other countries and the environment have suffered so we need to uphold the post
- positive mechanisms of globalization but also change the unfair ways in which it is partly managed if you have any questions about the presentation so far
- about globalization as a whole feel free to post them into the comments we will get back to you as soon as we can if you have any further questions about
- globalization and maybe a certain aspect you'd want us to make a video on please also post that into the comments and if you have any other ideas for topics that
- you would really like to have sort of know the bare essentials then also post them into the courtroom the comments please below and there's one thing I
- want to leave you with and I think it's a very good summary and it's a quote by Barack Obama when he told about globalization also sort of being
- faced with the pros and cons he said well what we can do is to shape how that process of global integration globalization proceeds so that it
- increases opportunities for ordinary people so it's creating better jobs so we are strengthening protections for workers so we are addressing some of the
- environmental challenges that come with rapid growth hey guys that's what I want to leave you with my name is bernard from english one-trick pony and i will
- see you in the next video