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Globalization - an overview - Englisch Abitur, Oberstufe - Abiturthemen
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- hi if you're studying for school for the german ib2 and you need to know more about globalization or just need to refresh what you already know this is
- the correct video for you let's take a look at this topic of globalization [Music]
- first of all let's take a look at the term globalization what does it mean really let's look at environmental problems that are global challenges not
- local let's look at the global economy and how it is more global now than it used to be and what that what effect that has on jobs and migration in turn
- in the end i'll briefly look at benefits and challenges that globalization brings to us let's go now the term globalization or
- globalization if you want to spell it with an s the british way is also possible the term of course comes from the term globe that is that ball so the
- the earth the planet earth and then global is an adjective that means affecting the entire globe and to
- globalize is to make more global or to become more global and globalization then is that things become more global and
- they're no longer local but they're now a global thing and i think this really helps if you want to understand this very complex topic of
- globalization then globalization in itself now books have been written about this i need to make this very short for this video but what i think is important
- to take away here is that it's a process so things were not always global they become globalized in this process is globalization and that means interaction
- between countries people etc international and integration so that people together work on for example the same things are the same product etc
- it is associated with many different aspects one of them is economical one of them is socials or societies another one is cultural so it affects our culture
- and of course politics as well and we could probably add a number of other factors as well but i think these are the ones that are most interesting for
- the context of this video now uh technology of course has played a huge role it's be it's been the enabler of globalization we would probably not
- have globalization to this extent without ships without communication devices like telephone etc and of course not without the internet that we've got
- today so technology has played a huge role in advancing globalization and this is important to keep in mind there are different stages or have been
- different stages of this process and there's thomas l friedman as a theoretician who has dealt with that maybe you've read one or two of his
- texts and he talks about for example the different stages like at first it was countries that drove globalization as in
- like britain setting up colonies etc then it was big companies that acted globally instead of only one country and today we could argue that
- everyone can take part in this process or can drive this process of globalization by acting globally and interacting globally
- this is this much about the term and the definition of what globalization is let's move on to some of the challenges and of course the environment is a
- typical point for that why is that why do we think of the environment as a first and foremost global challenge well a number of things don't stop at your
- border climate change for example affects the whole planet yes some countries more than others but all countries will be affected and some
- countries have a huge impact on creating climate change others have less of this feel the effect more so it's very connected globally and we cannot isolate
- us as one country and work on climate change this doesn't make sense at all pollution is the same thing if you release toxic chemicals let's say
- into the air they don't simply stop at the border of course they will be in this other country as well things that go into the ocean will be everywhere in
- the ocean etc deforestation if there are more forests worldwide or what this will affect the entire planet not just the country where
- the trees actually cut down so this is also a global thing a global problem overpopulation if many resources are needed then this also has an effect on
- other countries not only the country that in itself has a very high population waste disposal is a similar problem if
- we release ways let's say plastics that go into the ocean again they're going to be uh to turn up everywhere not just in this
- on the beaches of that one country on the rivers the ozone layer is another one of these examples where um globally we contribute to destroying the ozone
- layer and then some countries will feel the effects of course more than others but it's a global thing as well so the environment
- is a good example of where we have to work together globally to solve problems and where the problems are also created
- often globally and not locally in only one country let's take a look at the global economy and what's special about that
- now first of all the reason that we have a global economy today is that there used to be barriers that are not there anymore in the past let's say 200 years
- ago you would probably have your wagon with material you would like to sell they would stop you at the board and say either no you cannot come you cannot
- sell things here or you need to pay a lot of money to be able to sell you things here so have a tariff and these things have been these tariffs
- or these laws have been reduced so that's now much easier to trade internationally and for example within europe there's almost no problem no
- barrier at all to trade of any kind and with other countries of course sometimes less sometimes more so but in general these barriers have been reduced to a
- large extent and one barrier of course was technology so having the ships for example the transport goods and this has been solved too so it's a lot easier
- today than it was say 200 years ago to act globally as a company and also another effect and i think this is one of the effects that we feel and
- notice pretty much every day is that the products that we can buy that are available in our supermarkets are sourced pretty much worldwide so not
- everything of course but you will find products from many many countries just in a simple supermarket the reason that this trade has benefits
- for all countries people argue is that some countries have a comparative advantage in some things say germany has many very good engineers who
- can construct things that they can sell this selling things selling cars for example will create a revenue will create money other
- countries for example have natural resources or they have low wages so that people come there to produce things because they don't have to pay that much
- money for the workers etc so people use our countries use these advantages that they have in comparison to another country to make money and to benefit
- from that or companies use it and this is what i wanted to talk about in this next point countries will of course shift their production from where wages
- are high to a place where wages are lower so that they can sell them still at a high price but not pay that much to produce them this system is of course
- called outsourcing and it leads to of course people argue a loss of some kind of jobs in for example western countries the
- creation of one kind of other kind of job in asian countries for example now these effects of outsourcing are
- ambivalent you could of course argue well this is great because if you're in the developing country there will be many more jobs and there will be
- factories and people can make money and women can work at a garment factory say in bangladesh and they can make money and support and have an
- income and be more independent etc on the other hand of course working conditions are often terrible we have these sweatshops etc
- so we often talk about the example of fast fashion so that if you buy really cheaply produced things and you have
- cheap products but people are suffering and producing them so it's not it's not easy to say because if we just stopped as western countries for example buying
- these products we would not be helping countries like bangladesh either would be so um it's a very complicated topic that i cannot explain
- in detail but uh this is a nice example of how global our economy has become also the financial markets they so the stock markets are are very international
- obviously so that if we have a problem in a big stock market like in the usa this will have effects on other countries like we saw in 2008 in the
- global financial crisis let's talk about migration and jobs and how that connects to the economy and to globalization
- now migration or some migration because not all of it but some of it has become similar today much simpler than in the past communication is much easier you
- can communicate with friends who are already and maybe move to one country you can use the internet to look for a job in a country even before you're
- there you can write an email to possible employers etc etc travel has become a lot easier their flights are much cheaper in relation to income today than
- there were say 30 years ago so um people have a much easier time getting somewhere and there are some in some
- places there are policies and agreements that make it easier for people to move for example in the eu there's an agreement that people can live in pretty
- much any eu state so they can move say from the netherlands to france and work there without a problem so this will increase migration because it is
- makes it simpler and the effects of globalization on the labor market are that of course people see living standards
- are different for example a person in uh say nigeria might because of their friends that they're communicating with find out okay living
- standards things are much easier in say the usa and this will maybe push them to to or pull them to the us to move there and work there and make better money
- um there's now also a global competition for jobs if you have a very good job a very high paying job you will probably not be the only person
- in your country looking for it but you will probably not even be the only person um you will there will be many persons not just from one country but
- for many countries looking for a top job so in a way this competition has become more global too for great jobs and this kind of global labor market
- then that we have with this idea of wage arbitrage so wages being lower in one country higher in another one has one big difficulty
- and that is if you are live in a rich country and you're used to high living standards but you're not very skilled then this will be a difficult situation
- for you why because there might be migrants coming to your country who can replace you and compete for your job
- and you can relatively easily be replaced think of a bus driver think of a person working in a factory and so especially these people have a
- hard time keeping their jobs and getting high wages because they're now in competition globally of course these this migration also has
- a cultural effect if we think of uh parts of the usa where there are many immigrants from one specific country say for example cuba or mexico and this will
- change the country a lot and we'll talk about later how this has an effect on people and how people who were already in that country might and not feel great
- about this that leads me to my next point what can we say in general say you need to write a comment on this i need to discuss this
- what can you as some general points keep in mind for a discussion on what are benefits that globalization brings and what are
- some problems that need to be worked on now benefits obviously on the individual level as a western consumer i have much cheaper much more diverse products that
- i can buy often my living standard has increased because of globalization for example germany our living standard is higher
- because our country sells machinery cars etc around the world and specialized products etc so this has helped us and we have more money because of it
- also we can communicate globally if we have a friend in another country if we meet somebody on holiday if we want to go travel this is all very easy we can
- cooperate with countries on a global scale even in the eu this is also international very easy and a lot better than
- if that wasn't the case and we could argue our culture is enriched we cannot only eat food from our country but from other countries
- when we watch tv it's very easy to watch films from another country and arguably or listen to music and this will make our lives maybe richer because we can
- consume different culture not only our own culture from our native country some problems and often these problems you will see go along with the benefits
- and are the other side the other side of that coin for example there's a price pressure on local products if you can produce something cheaper in another
- country as a german producer for example you might not be able to keep up with an import from say spain or morocco and depending on what kind of product it is
- so jobs might be lost on a on a local basis and again especially these low-skilled jobs will be the first to be lost
- this leads to difficulties for low-skilled workers where do they fit into the economy they have to adjust to a low wages a low standard of living in
- relation to a country where they live where standards of living are high they and even people with lots of skills have
- to compete for jobs globally so they cannot only say well i'm sort of like the best person in my country if for this kind of company they will
- definitely hire me no there might be five other countries around you with good people and they might also compete for your job so there is global
- competition on an individual level but also for the company if you're a company producing something it's not enough to be the best in your country but you
- pretty much need to be one of the best in this sector worldwide because you have competition and yes culture can be enriched but
- local culture may also be lost so if you change for example the way you celebrate some sort of festival because of the influence from another country you could
- argue well the local culture is being lost here so that's not a great thing also all of these problems create an effect
- and this effect is often to refer to as a backlash so that means because people experience a lot of lots of globalization and the the bad effects of
- it they will be sort of trying to work against it and we could argue that trump was elected and that brexit happened because this kind of spirit this kind of
- movement that people thought no this is all going too fast we need to stop globalization here we need to make it slower so that we benefit more in the
- end and that we keep what we have that we keep our culture our tradition our jobs etc in the end it's already good now to
- think about what's your position on this like where do you stand if a question like this came up what would you argue for what you would you argue against and
- why what would be your reason so maybe think about that already a little bit i hope this presentation has helped you a little bit to structure your thoughts on
- this difficult topic on globalization and i wish you all the best for your upcoming exams if you ever want to come back to my channel i'm obviously very
- happy to have you here again so i hope to see you soon goodbye [Music]
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