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Climate and extreme weather ⏲️ 6 Minute English
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- Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil.
- It seems that we're hearing about more and more terrible weather events, but how exactly is climate change affecting extreme weather?
- I'm lucky today to be joined by BBC weather forecaster, meteorologist and presenter Sarah Keith-Lucas. Hi, Sarah.
- Hi, Phil, it's great to be here. Sarah is here to help us understand what's happening with extreme weather.
- She'll also help explain some of the words and expressions used in a new series of BBC Learning English videos, all about weather and climate,
- and the language we use to talk about them. You can find the link to them
- on our web page or in the show notes for this podcast. Sarah, let's start with a really important question.
- What's the difference between climate and weather? That's a great question, Phil.
- The weather is what you see and feel every day. Climate is more long term.
- Today, I'll explain how a change in the climate over the long term can be seen in the weather that we experience.
- And as always, we'll also be learning some key vocabulary to talk about the topic.
- And Sarah, it's traditional for us to set a quiz question. Have you got one for us? Yes I have.
- By how much has the Earth's temperature increased since 1970? Is it a) around 0.5C?
- b) around 1C or c) around 2C? Erm, around 2C?
- I'll give you the answer at the end of the programme, so listen to the end to find out.
- Now we're going to talk about tropical storms. What do we mean by tropical storms, Sarah?
- Well those are hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons. They're large rotating storms formed over warm tropical waters.
- They're actually the same. We just use different names depending on where in the world they form.
- Hurricanes in the Atlantic. Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and typhoons in the West Pacific.
- As the world warms, climate scientists think that these storms will get more destructive.
- In one of our new learning English for weather videos. Meteorologist Darren Bett tells us about another worrying change.
- Scientists also think storms are slowing down. They're not moving across as quickly.
- And that means if a storm is in the same area for longer, the winds will be stronger for longer and the rain will last for longer,
- producing more flooding and more likelihood of flooding and landslides and also mudslides.
- Darren said that if a storm moves more slowly, there will be more likelihood of flooding.
- 'Likelihood' is the noun that we use to say how probable or how likely something is to happen.
- Darren also told us about landslides and mudslides. Yes, landslides are where a large amount of earth
- or rock moves down a slope quickly. Mudslides tend to be faster and more liquid.
- Both of these things can happen after particularly heavy rain and can cause damage to buildings.
- People can also be killed or injured by them. What else causes loss of life in a hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone?
- Well, something else that is very dangerous is a storm surge. Let's hear again from my colleague Darren Bett.
- Storm surge. That's that body of water that gets swept inland
- and produces widespread flooding. Climate change is warming our seas and the sea levels are rising.
- That potentially could mean that storm surge, which is one element of a storm that produces more casualties than any other.
- Those storm surges could become even more dangerous. So, we had the word 'casualty',
- and this is used to talk about people killed or injured by an accident, a military attack, or in this case, an extreme weather event.
- Darren talked about storm surges. A storm surge is where the sea level rises quickly,
- pushed by strong winds caused by a storm. This water comes onto land with an enormous amount of force,
- and storm surges can be up to ten metres high. Buildings get destroyed and people can drown.
- We heard about the storm sweeping inland. Something sweeping in is moving quickly and powerfully,
- and you can hear more from Darren in the videos on our website. Sarah, how about the answer to the quiz question you asked earlier?
- OK, Phil. So I asked by how much has the world's average temperature increased since 1970?
- And I thought it was around 2C. It's actually around 1C.
- 1C is just an average across all of Earth's land and ocean surface. Some places are warming much quicker than this, such as the Arctic.
- That's warming three times faster than the average rate, just a small increase in average temperature can lead to
- a much bigger increase in extreme events such as heatwaves, wildfires and floods. Wow. So that is an important difference.
- OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting with 'likelihood', which is the noun that we use to talk about how probable
- or how likely something is to happen. Landslides and mudslides, which can occur after heavy rainfall,
- make earth or mud move downhill very fast. A storm surge is a sudden rise in the sea level that can move inland,
- causing destruction. If something sweeps in, it moves in very fast and very powerfully.
- And finally, a casualty is someone who is injured or killed by an accident, attack,
- or something like an extreme weather event. Once again our six minutes are up. Goodbye. Thanks for joining us today,
- Sarah! Bye!
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