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- “Off, on, to, off, ...” So many prefixes/*particles. How are you supposed to learn them all? Aren't there specific meanings for all prefixes/*particles?
- If you have ever asked yourself this, then you should continue watching this video, because I will explain to you the general meaning behind the prefixes/*particles. As best as possible.
- Let's start. First of all, a quick definition of prefixes. A prefix/particel is a so-called prefix,
- which is attached to the word stam at the very front. Example - the word “work”: “process, process, process,
- working out" You see. So, we always put the prefixes/*particles in front of the word. Some of these prefixes are, for example:
- “off, off, on, on, after, under, on, again, on, with, un-, on” and so forth. So we have lots of them. But do prefixes/*particles actually have an independent meaning in themselves?
- The answer is “yeno”. So a mixture of “yes” and “no”. There is, how should I put it, a rough sense of meaning,
- so a tendency for some prefixes/*particles, but unfortunately there are also very, very many exceptions. For some the meaning is clear, for others it is very vague and therefore not clear.
- Nevertheless, you can get a rough overview, in order to be able to classify them better in the future. So let's take a look at the individual prefixes/*particles.
- Let's start with "ab-", as in: “leave, hand over, submerge, loose weight”. In most cases it has the meaning of “something gone/away”,
- So with “hand over” for example. When I hand something over, I am giving a thing to another person. I'll give the matter away from me.
- But be careful! As I said, there are exceptions here that do not share this definition. For example: “boil, search” etc. Because “boiling” means cooking something with the aim of disinfecting it.
- And “search” means too look for a thing or person within a certain radius in every corner. I'll give you example sentences: "I'm boiling the baby's bottle."
- Or: “The police searched the entire area for the thief.” The next prefix/*particle is “an-”. “To” often has the meaning
- that one is approaching a goal or is closely connected to something. For example: “dress, arrive,
- stand in line, put on, touch” "I get dressed." In a figurative sense this means
- to move the clothes closer to myself, i.e. to my body. Or: “People are lining up at the ice cream parlor.” So, you are standing in line and want to get closer to your destination,
- namely the ice cream seller who gives you the ice cream. But of course there are many exceptions here too. For example, “show off” or “look at.”
- “She’s always showing off her money.” That means something like “to brag”. You see, that doesn't quite fit into the category either. Let's move on to the next prefix/*particle.
- This one is “up-”. The meaning of “open” is often behind it, but also like “an-” to move in one direction or to get closer to something.
- So, for example: “open, get going, get up, build up, pick up”
- By the way, “get going” here means starting a journey. Example sentence: “We started our journey early in the morning.” or “We left early in the morning.”
- Here again there are exceptions. For example, “give up, dissolve” or “stop”. "Out"
- The meaning of “out” is to remove something or to remove yourself. For example:
- “choose, take off” For example, “pulling out a couch.” “print, emigrate, spend”
- For example, “spend money”. Example sentence: “I’ll pick out a nice car.”
- So that means I choose one car from many. But it can also have the meaning of “expand”, such as: “expand, expand, expand, devise, expand”
- For example: “The pollen spreads mainly in the south of Germany.” But of course there are enough words with this prefix, that don't fit into any of the categories, for example
- “look” or “make up”. "At-" With “at-” you often want to express that you are adding something.
- For example: “to contribute” - i.e. “to add” - “to contribute, to add”. “I would like to contribute something to the gift.”
- That means I would like to add money for the gift. There are exceptions here too, for example “stand by, give in”, as in “give in”, which means “give up”, i.e. “throw in the towel”.
- “Her-” This prefix/*particle is a little clearer. The meaning here is that something comes to you from a distance.
- So “come here, lead here, give away, run here, show”. “Can you come here?” So “Can you come to me?”
- That would be an example sentence. Exceptions are, for example, “produce”, i.e. to produce something, to “get ready” something, that is, to make oneself beautiful.
- So “The woman fixes her hair.” "To-" “To-” is the opposite of “here”.
- It describes you approaching one thing or something else approaching another thing. For example: “go there, run there, drive there, lead there” “He goes up to the woman to ask her number.”
- “You want information? I can take you there. I can show you the way there.” "off-"
- This prefix/*particle has the meaning of either starting something, but also to separate something. For example: “run off, start driving, start flying,
- start, start laughing, start crying.” So “We leave at 10:00.” Means: Our trip starts at 10:00.
- When it comes to the meaning “to separate something” we have the words “break away” or “let go, get rid of”.
- For example, when you break up with someone, you have to detach yourself from this person. "With-"
- “With-” has the meaning of “together”, as in “join in, go along, follow along, have a say,
- cry along, laugh along, bring along” etc. For example: “I’m bringing Anna to the party.” So that means I'm coming together with a person
- whose name is Anna. Or “laugh along”: “What are you laughing about?
- Tell me. I want to laugh along.” "Before-" The prefix/*particle “vor-” has several meanings.
- On the one hand, it can mean moving forward or does something in advance, for example: “run ahead, drive forward, advance” or “prepare,
- pre-check, specify, pre-manufacture”. But it can also mean showing something to others, as in for example “introduce, show” or “read aloud”.
- Example: “Let me introduce you. This is my brother/sister.” etc. "Away-" This prefix/*particle has a similar meaning
- like “ab-”, namely that something is moving away or you are moving away from yourself. For example: “go away, drive away, give away, put away, fly away,
- erase, throw away” or “throw away”. Example: “I'm going away for a few days. “I need some rest.
- Or “I’m throwing away the paper.” And finally the prefix/*particle “to-”. “To-” either describes closing something
- or moving towards a goal: “to close, to close, to squeeze, to close, to run, to send, toss, to play”,
- such as in tennis or football, where you pass the ball to each other. Example sentence: “She throws him the ball and he catches it.” Exceptions are, “admit, adjust”,
- i.e. in the sense of “to be injured” or “assure” in the sense of “to insure”. For example: “The boxer was badly mauled during the fight.”, i.e. seriously injured. So my dears,
- I didn't mention all the prefixes/*particles here, but focused on a few important ones. If you would like to see another video in this format, just let me know in the comments and I'll do a second part.
- And finally: Don't forget to follow me and like my videos. This helps my channel to support as many people as possible in learning the German language.
- Thank you also for being there and always writing so many lovely comments. I wish you a nice week and see you next time. ☺️
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