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What Is GIS? A Guide to Geographic Information Systems
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- in this video I'll provide you with a thorough definition of GIS from mapping to analysis you'll learn how we use GIS to model the world around
- us let's get started GIS stands for geographic information systems
- it's a computer-based tool that examines spatial relationships patterns and Trends in geography using a GIS allows you to store analyze
- and visualize data for Geographic positions on Earth's surface there are four main functions of a GIS first a GIS has a data management
- component for storing Geographic locations secondly a GIS visualizes Geographic data typically using Maps thirdly GIS software can analyze spatial
- relationships and patterns using geoprocessing and finally a GIS can either create new data or edit existing data let's take a look at each of these
- four functions at number one we're going to look at the role of data management in GIS data management in GIS is the process of
- organizing storing retrieving and maintaining Geographic and attribute data GIS data consists of either Vector data or raster grids first vectors are
- points lines and polygons with vertices for instance administrative boundaries are often represented as polygons whereas something simple like fire
- hydrants is stored as points roads are a good example of line data the other type of data type is raster for example satellite images aerial photographs and
- digital elevation models are examples of raster data we also call it grid data because it's represented as rows and columns we use these two data models
- every day in GIS each type has its own strengths and weaknesses and is better suited to different kinds of spatial data and Analysis
- at number two we have visualization let's say you have latitude and longitude coordinates in a table I think you can agree that it's really difficult
- to know where those locations are but once you show the data on a map it provides Geographic context so you can fully understand where these locations
- are in the real world GIS works with these physical locations instead of tables and we map it all out
- here are some of the most common types of maps choropleth Maps use shading or color to represent data values for different
- regions or polygons such as visualizing demographic or socioeconomic data heat Maps use shading to represent the intensity or density of data values in
- an area heat maps are often used for visualizing spatial patterns and data such as crime or traffic density an isoline map is a
- type of map that uses contour lines to represent data they connect points on a map that have the same value such as temperature elevation or rainfall
- at number three we're going to look at geospatial analysis the purpose of GIS is to analyze Geographic relationships and patterns
- using geoprocessing geoprocessing can be used to perform a variety of tasks with a focus on extracting meaningful information from Geographic data for
- example a GIS can identify the shortest route between two points or it could create buffers around features it can also overlay different data
- layers to identify spatial relationships and conduct statistical analysis on Geographic data they say you don't truly know your data
- until you can visualize and analyze it geographically through spatial analysis you can solve location problems to measure quantify
- and understand our world better and finally at number four we're going to look at the role of GIS editing GIS data is a key component in the
- development of accurate and effective applications because without geospatial data the field of GIS wouldn't exist editing involves building new data sets
- from the ground up or updating existing Geographic data it's important because it ensures that the data being used is accurate up-to-date and relevant to the
- problem at hand now that you have a bit of background on what GIS is all about let's take a
- closer look at some of the most common types of GIS jobs if you're just starting out in the field of GIS you'll likely start as a GIS technician this
- role involves most of the grunt work like data editing and map production The Next Step Above This level is either a GIS analyst or specialist both types of
- roles typically are heavily involved in geospatial analysis and it may involve data modeling and coding another common job in the gis field is a cartographer
- cartographers specialize in creating visually appealing map products and communicating this information finally GIS developers strictly work at code
- development this might be for the purpose of automating workflows of building customized scripts that perform a
- specific task although it's seen its fair share of twists and turns GIS has steadily increased in demand and is becoming more
- mainstream in various Industries around the world we use GIS in a wide variety of applications across many different
- Industries here are some of the biggest users of GIS urban planners use GIS to model and
- analyze Urban Land Use transportation and infrastructure this helps planners make informed decisions about development and growth Environmental
- Management leverages GIS to Monitor and manage natural resources track species habitats and predict the effects of climate change
- Emergency Management uses GIS to manage and respond to natural disasters disease outbreaks and other emergencies marketers use it to help businesses
- Target their marketing efforts by analyzing demographic data and consumer Behavior patterns in agriculture GIS can optimize crop yields manage land use and
- monitor soil and water quality in energy management we use GIS to manage and optimize energy distribution networks monitor energy usage and identify
- opportunities for energy conservation there are countless ways where we are using GIS to improve efficiency and make a difference in the world
- as technology evolves so does the entire industry of GIS here are some of its current and future trends
- mobile GIS has really been mainstream for a long time already because of the increasing use of smartphones and tablets mobile GIS
- enables users to access and interact with geospatial data from anywhere using mobile devices this is leading to new applications in areas such as field data
- collection asset management and emergency response open data and open source GIS software are also mainstream now open source software like qgis
- provides access to a wealth of geospatial data and tools at little or no cost in addition to open source software we are seeing more open data
- portals which are common in all levels of government cloud-based GIS Services allow users to store process and access geospatial data
- in a highly scalable and cost-effective manner cloud-based platforms offer flexible Computing resources and easy access to a
- wide range of geospatial data with the explosion of big data and GIS and the increasing availability of AI and machine learning tools are
- transforming the way we analyze and visualize geospatial data these Technologies are helping to unlock insights from vast amounts of geospatial
- data finally we have 3D data with the increasing availability of 3D data and visualization tools it enables users to
- visualize and analyze data in a more realistic and immersive perspective all right there you have it that was our definition of geographic information
- systems now we'd love to hear from you any questions you might have in the comments section below also please don't forget to like And subscribe to our
- channel for more great videos see you next time