What Is GIS? A Guide to Geographic Information Systems
Spatial Zone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hau_ZCmN8eU

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0:00 in this video I'll provide you with a thorough definition of GIS from mapping to analysis you'll learn how we use GIS to model the world around
0:08 us let's get started GIS stands for geographic information systems
0:17 it's a computer-based tool that examines spatial relationships patterns and Trends in geography using a GIS allows you to store analyze
0:26 and visualize data for Geographic positions on Earth's surface there are four main functions of a GIS first a GIS has a data management
0:35 component for storing Geographic locations secondly a GIS visualizes Geographic data typically using Maps thirdly GIS software can analyze spatial
0:45 relationships and patterns using geoprocessing and finally a GIS can either create new data or edit existing data let's take a look at each of these
0:55 four functions at number one we're going to look at the role of data management in GIS data management in GIS is the process of
1:04 organizing storing retrieving and maintaining Geographic and attribute data GIS data consists of either Vector data or raster grids first vectors are
1:15 points lines and polygons with vertices for instance administrative boundaries are often represented as polygons whereas something simple like fire
1:23 hydrants is stored as points roads are a good example of line data the other type of data type is raster for example satellite images aerial photographs and
1:33 digital elevation models are examples of raster data we also call it grid data because it's represented as rows and columns we use these two data models
1:42 every day in GIS each type has its own strengths and weaknesses and is better suited to different kinds of spatial data and Analysis
1:52 at number two we have visualization let's say you have latitude and longitude coordinates in a table I think you can agree that it's really difficult
2:00 to know where those locations are but once you show the data on a map it provides Geographic context so you can fully understand where these locations
2:09 are in the real world GIS works with these physical locations instead of tables and we map it all out
2:17 here are some of the most common types of maps choropleth Maps use shading or color to represent data values for different
2:24 regions or polygons such as visualizing demographic or socioeconomic data heat Maps use shading to represent the intensity or density of data values in
2:33 an area heat maps are often used for visualizing spatial patterns and data such as crime or traffic density an isoline map is a
2:41 type of map that uses contour lines to represent data they connect points on a map that have the same value such as temperature elevation or rainfall
2:52 at number three we're going to look at geospatial analysis the purpose of GIS is to analyze Geographic relationships and patterns
3:00 using geoprocessing geoprocessing can be used to perform a variety of tasks with a focus on extracting meaningful information from Geographic data for
3:09 example a GIS can identify the shortest route between two points or it could create buffers around features it can also overlay different data
3:18 layers to identify spatial relationships and conduct statistical analysis on Geographic data they say you don't truly know your data
3:25 until you can visualize and analyze it geographically through spatial analysis you can solve location problems to measure quantify
3:33 and understand our world better and finally at number four we're going to look at the role of GIS editing GIS data is a key component in the
3:44 development of accurate and effective applications because without geospatial data the field of GIS wouldn't exist editing involves building new data sets
3:54 from the ground up or updating existing Geographic data it's important because it ensures that the data being used is accurate up-to-date and relevant to the
4:03 problem at hand now that you have a bit of background on what GIS is all about let's take a
4:11 closer look at some of the most common types of GIS jobs if you're just starting out in the field of GIS you'll likely start as a GIS technician this
4:20 role involves most of the grunt work like data editing and map production The Next Step Above This level is either a GIS analyst or specialist both types of
4:29 roles typically are heavily involved in geospatial analysis and it may involve data modeling and coding another common job in the gis field is a cartographer
4:38 cartographers specialize in creating visually appealing map products and communicating this information finally GIS developers strictly work at code
4:48 development this might be for the purpose of automating workflows of building customized scripts that perform a
4:54 specific task although it's seen its fair share of twists and turns GIS has steadily increased in demand and is becoming more
5:02 mainstream in various Industries around the world we use GIS in a wide variety of applications across many different
5:11 Industries here are some of the biggest users of GIS urban planners use GIS to model and
5:17 analyze Urban Land Use transportation and infrastructure this helps planners make informed decisions about development and growth Environmental
5:26 Management leverages GIS to Monitor and manage natural resources track species habitats and predict the effects of climate change
5:34 Emergency Management uses GIS to manage and respond to natural disasters disease outbreaks and other emergencies marketers use it to help businesses
5:43 Target their marketing efforts by analyzing demographic data and consumer Behavior patterns in agriculture GIS can optimize crop yields manage land use and
5:54 monitor soil and water quality in energy management we use GIS to manage and optimize energy distribution networks monitor energy usage and identify
6:04 opportunities for energy conservation there are countless ways where we are using GIS to improve efficiency and make a difference in the world
6:13 as technology evolves so does the entire industry of GIS here are some of its current and future trends
6:21 mobile GIS has really been mainstream for a long time already because of the increasing use of smartphones and tablets mobile GIS
6:29 enables users to access and interact with geospatial data from anywhere using mobile devices this is leading to new applications in areas such as field data
6:37 collection asset management and emergency response open data and open source GIS software are also mainstream now open source software like qgis
6:47 provides access to a wealth of geospatial data and tools at little or no cost in addition to open source software we are seeing more open data
6:56 portals which are common in all levels of government cloud-based GIS Services allow users to store process and access geospatial data
7:04 in a highly scalable and cost-effective manner cloud-based platforms offer flexible Computing resources and easy access to a
7:12 wide range of geospatial data with the explosion of big data and GIS and the increasing availability of AI and machine learning tools are
7:21 transforming the way we analyze and visualize geospatial data these Technologies are helping to unlock insights from vast amounts of geospatial
7:29 data finally we have 3D data with the increasing availability of 3D data and visualization tools it enables users to
7:38 visualize and analyze data in a more realistic and immersive perspective all right there you have it that was our definition of geographic information
7:48 systems now we'd love to hear from you any questions you might have in the comments section below also please don't forget to like And subscribe to our
7:58 channel for more great videos see you next time