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Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Dan Scollon at TEDxRedding
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- This iconic image taken in 1972 forever altered our consciousness about the earth and our interconnectedness. In the 40 years since this image was
- taken, we have collected a vast archive of data about the earth and developed a number of new mapping technologies. I'd like to share with you some of the
- ways in which today's maps are altering the way that we perceive our world, the way that we interact with it, and also the way that we engage in the challenges
- and opportunities of the 21st century. This composite image of North America and Asia at night
- reveals some interesting patterns. Our prodigious consumption of energy is probably the most obvious one, keeping
- in mind that the populations of India and China combined are seven times that of North America. You can also see some
- patterns of population distribution, the sparser populations that are found in the high latitudes of Canada and Central Asia, and also in the western half of
- the United States with the exception of the West Coast. You can see the location of Redding and also note the location of Borneo as we
- will visit there shortly. While many of us may think of Redding as being isolated, we are in fact along a
- north-south axis that connects Vancouver, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego, all major epicenters of culture, art,
- economy, and technology. We're connected across the Pacific, of course, by airports and airlines, shipping lanes, and also by
- communication lines. And we're connected within by our system of highways, rail lines, and uh communication towers, and so forth.
- The ancient routes of Miwok, Modoc, and Wintu are now plied by big rigs and freight trains that are feeding the world economy.
- The arc of civilization can be traced through maps. They communicate the opportunities and the risks of place and space.
- And they have evolved over time as human societies have become more complex. This ancient Polynesian stick map showed them how to
- locate islands in the vast Pacific. It was later superseded by maps created during the age of exploration that enabled European colonial conquest. Note
- on this map, by the way, the island of California. Today's maps are largely delivered via computers and digital devices. We simply
- request a destination and we are zoomed through a 3D landscape complete with imagery and placemarks, directions, in a geocoded,
- geotagged, tweeted, virtualized reality of the place. These capabilities have come about not simply through software or devices, but
- instead a real revolution in the way that we communicate. Social media has enabled us not only to share pictures of our families, but has
- also enabled uh revolutions in uh places like Egypt and Libya during the Arab Spring uprisings, and has also enabled us to
- uh communicate similar events here at home such as the Occupy movement. We also use this information to get
- real-time information on traffic and road conditions, and also to uh use it for things like uh games such as Ingress which allows to
- connect with our community and our place that we're living in. Disasters such as the earthquakes in Haiti and
- Japan recently revealed the value and importance of location. The crowd map application allowed for a citizen mapping of important resources
- that saved lives during these tragedies and is increasingly a vital way in which we respond to these types of situations.
- These capabilities have a root in geographic information systems. This diagram illustrates how the input
- of information about place, which can come in the form of maps and satellite imagery and other sorts of sources of data,
- allows us to produce visualizations, including maps, animations, charts, and other sorts of of graphical illustrations. And of course, there are
- peripheral connections and peripheral technology developments that really demonstrate this as being the foundation of today's mapping revolution.
- I'd like to share with you a little bit of personal history by way of illustrating the potential of maps. When I was a young boy, I'm the little
- guy in that picture. Uh my father's career in Asian affairs took us to live in Malaysia. This was our favorite swimming hole.
- And while I was too young to consciously remember the place, there was something about it that called to me over the years. It became a siren call for me to
- return. And eventually I did in 1994 following the completion of my geography degree. And in spite of fears about my personal
- safety or about tropical diseases, they were soon overshadowed by the beauty of Borneo and by the warmth and good nature of my Dayak hosts.
- If you ever travel to this place, you will also do the hornbill dance. But fear not, you'll be given plenty of fermented borak, which makes it all
- quite a bit easier to uh to do. The Dayaks have a intricate mental map of the forest that
- allows them to navigate by rivers and game trails and allows them to find food and medicine, which it seems to be at every turn.
- They also have a healthy respect for the spirits of the forest embodied here by the orangutan, the man of the forest, which demonstrates and
- illustrates the astounding biodiversity of Borneo's rainforest. The Dayaks were largely isolated in many parts of Borneo until the past few
- decades, but the 21st century has brought about a rapid acceleration in deforestation. The
- global gears of globalization have ground deep into the once impenetrable interior. And this is illustrated in this
- slide, which is showing some recent research based on satellite imagery. The areas in purple being those areas that have been cleared or
- uh degraded. 80% of the island Borneo, which is the size of Texas, is now uh degraded or cleared.
- In an attempt to try to confront the economic and political forces that are threatening Dayak survival, I teamed up with the Borneo Project, and
- we brought a community-based participatory mapping program to Borneo. And initially, this started with sketch mapping. You can see in the upper
- left-hand corner there, just laying out a big piece of paper and grabbing pens and and allowing people to draw in and write the things of value. I recommend
- you try this at home. It's it's a fun and interesting exercise. But eventually, we graduated into higher-tech methods like GPS and GIS,
- and we produced maps such as the one that you see in this slide, which have been used successfully in the courts. Actually, created
- uh a backlash. The court the state government of Sarawak created a law outlawing maps created by people that were not surveyors, which was
- initiated because they didn't like the fact that these folks were starting to make maps of their lands. But they have been successfully used in
- the courts to defend land rights, and also as a way to plan out for their uh use of their land and their future. So, community-based maps in Borneo and
- also satellite image-based research has created a situation that has caused the state to reassess its its how it communicates with its most
- marginalized populations and has also created an opportunity to chart a new future for Borneo.
- So, closer to home here we have Native Americans that are also trying to reassert their place and their culture
- in places like the Medicine Lake Highlands and in countless other sensitive sites around the North State
- and by doing so they're attempting to reclaim place names and reclaim opportunity for traditional land use.
- Next, I'd like to share with you some of the interesting and I think cool projects that we have going on here in the North State and I'm going to start
- off with a couple of student projects. And this particular project was mapping out the location of wineries, vineyards, and olive oil producers in the North
- State. And this is an interactive map so you just see a sample click on this and you see the kind of information that's available. So, if you're driving around
- Northern California on a Saturday and you're wondering what kind of places you might stop for a little break, you can bring this up on a mobile device and see
- the hours and if there's a tasting room close to where you're located. This is an opportunity to to connect producers with consumers and support
- local economic development. This particular map on Redding community service organizations was inspired by
- Shasta College's Center for Community Engagement. And we sat down with these leaders of these community service organizations and said, "How could we
- help you guys? What what would help you to do what you do better?" And they said, "You know, we have got so many organizations in this town and we have
- so much need and every time somebody comes in off the street and says, you know, I need dental care or you know, whatever the case is, then they rifle
- through these binders and they look in all these different web sites and they needed one go-to place. So, we produced this and and I can't
- remember the the number of data points that that were included just within the city, but I believe it was several hundred and you can click on the
- point and then you can see on the left-hand side they're classified and it allows you to identify by type and it's a way to connect the services with the
- vote most vulnerable parts of our local community here. Conservation of our plant and animal diversity is being pursued in a number
- of creative ways. In this example, students went out and mapped stream conditions along a conservation easement held by the Shasta Land Trust in the
- interest of improving fish habitat. Students like this too cuz they get to walk around in the creek.
- Trails in our area are just one of the great resources that I know many of you in this community share an interest and a value in. It promotes healthy
- lifestyles and also connection with nature. And our growing system of trails is another place that we have an opportunity to be able to
- convey more information not only to people in Redding, but to out-of-towners as well about the trail conditions both off-road trails and also
- the bike lanes around our community. And so this is an area of personal interest and and one that I think is really
- one of the great assets for our for our community. Transportation, of course, is an issue of concern all over the the state of
- California and elsewhere. Here in Redding, we have regional agencies that are working with GIS professionals to plan for how
- transportation will be developed in the future. And this particular map, a heat map of Redding, shows those areas of transportation concentration. And it's a
- way to inform decision-making and policy-making, and also to improve efficiency and livability of our community.
- The city of Redding is piloting an application to allow citizens to be able to come and report on service needs. So if you have a disruption, in this case a
- water problem, you can go in, your location indicates, and it's a way to improve the services.
- So you can check out a lot of these applications out on farnorcalgis.org. This is a place where you can connect with
- different folks that are interested. You don't need to be a professional. There's lots of resources to learn about how to do this on your own.
- And also how to connect with some of the professionals and students as well. Today's maps have created a change in the way that we perceive the world, the
- way that we interact with each other and the state and the economy. They have also created a change in the way that we're able to represent our own
- priorities and our own knowledge. No longer are maps simply held by those in positions of power, but rather are a canvas upon which all of us can convey
- and claim our own future and our own sense of place. They can still be used for resource exploitation, for economic inequality,
- for the perpetuation of violence, for violations of privacy, but they can also be used to democratize, to organize, to advocate, to design, and to dream. Thank
- you.