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Deep Dive: Changes in Ocean Productivity
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- hi there I'm Greta Shum we're taking a dive into the southern ocean and into ocean productivity and we're diving deep by that I mean you'll learn about
- profiling floats the technology we use to observe ocean biology in the southern ocean you'll learn why the southern ocean is a key player in global ocean
- productivity and he'll learn how climate change is likely to affect our oceans and the creatures that call it home ready let's go life in the ocean starts
- with nutrients and phytoplankton microscopic marine algae using photosynthesis these autotrophic organisms can create their own food by
- converting the dissolved carbon and nutrients in the water into organic carbon this process extracts carbon out of the environment and into the organism
- transforming it into something heterotrophs fish krill and bacteria which can't make their own food can eat and eventually discarded then after
- being decomposed by bacteria organic matter returns to its original form dissolves nutrients and the cycle repeats did you know that our oceans
- doors more carbon from the atmosphere than the terrestrial biosphere yeah so ocean biology is worth studying here's how we study it with our oceanographic
- tools that scientists use to make subsurface measurements in the ocean the great part about these floats is that they're autonomous once deployed these
- foots will sink to a drifting depth of a thousand meters every few days a profiling float will sink to a depth of 2,000 meters and its sensors will begin
- taking measurements all floats measure temperature salinity and pressure throughout the column of water they're profiling and each profile gives
- scientists a tiny snapshot of one location in the ocean as a network a fleet of profiling floats taking measurements over many years give
- scientists a complete portrait of our oceans in space and time a socom profiling float is a particular kind of float that scientists are deploying in
- the Southern Ocean to measure more than temperature salinity and pressure so floats are equipped with extra sensors that measure oxygen content pH and
- nutrients in the Southern Ocean socome or Southern Ocean carbon and climate observations and modeling is an NSF funded project investigating the
- role the Southern Ocean will play in the global climate as it changes the hold up what's so important about the Southern Ocean how does the Southern Ocean affect
- global biological production well it dominates it that's Jorge Sarmiento a professor of geosciences at Princeton University and
- the director of SOCOM three-quarters of the oceanic production north of the southern ocean is due to nutrients which come to the surface and go float to the
- north out of the Southern Ocean there's nowhere else in the world where that happens the southern ocean provides the rest of the ocean with nutrients the
- very base of the food web but how does the southern ocean do that the answer is geography with no land masses to interfere westerly winds can whip up
- powerful currents around the continent of Antarctica they make laps around the southern ocean at high speeds these winds combined with the Coriolis
- force to push water northward at the ocean surface a process known as Ekman transport that surface water travels north
- and as a consequence draws up water from below in a wide ring circling the internet continent upon reaching the upper ocean the up wild waters split
- into two tracks water that reaches the surface close to Antartica sea ice is cooled sinks along the continental shelf and is transformed into dense bottom
- water water that services north of the sea ice edge is warmed and flows northward carrying with it nutrients from the deep water once these nutrients
- reach the surface phytoplankton will use them to conduct photosynthesis remember that when organic matter sinks to the bottom of the ocean it rots getting
- decomposed by bacteria meaning those nutrients and carbon are dissolved back into the deep water and that's why when the deep water upwells
- it brings with it nutrients and carbon now let's talk about climate change how will increased heat and increased carbon change ocean productivity well one of
- the things that climate change tends to do is to make the ocean more stratified vertically and that makes it harder for nutrients and things to come up to the
- surface so that's a concern that we have that's because warmer average temperatures in the atmosphere warm the surface layer of the ocean increasing
- the density difference with cold deep water makes it harder for those layers to mix higher temperatures will affect ocean ecosystems and may even change
- where fish can live it's also difficult for scientists to know how much carbon the ocean will be able to absorb as co2 concentrations in the atmosphere
- increase these are some questions that scientists are actively trying to answer looking for more information about new research into the Southern Ocean
- check out so-called Princeton edu you
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