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Hamlet - Play Summary
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- Hamlet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. The play's story, which can be traced back to a 12th century Latin text, is
- about a Danish prince named Hamlet, who seeks to avenge his father's murder at the hands of his uncle, Claudius. The play is not only Shakespeare's
- longest, but also one of his most iconic. At the start of the play, the king of Denmark has died and his brother
- Claudius has assumed the throne and married his late brother's wife, Queen Gertrude. Consumed with grief over his father's
- sudden death, Prince Hamlet is appalled by his mother's marriage to Claudius, whose character is, he believes, inferior to that of his deceased father.
- Little does Hamlet know, the ghost of his dead father appeared to his skeptical friend Horatio and two castle centuries the previous night.
- When Horatio tells Hamlet of this sighting, Hamlet decides to watch for the ghost himself that evening. Soon the ghost appears.
- Addressing only Hamlet, the ghost says he's come from purgatory to demand vengeance against his brother Claudius, who murdered him by pouring poison into
- his ear. Hamlet is shocked and vows to avenge his father's murder by killing Claudius. Meanwhile, Claudius's chief adviser,
- Pelonius, is concerned about his daughter, Oilia, who loves Hamlet, but is confused by his gloomy mood lately. At first, Pelonius orders his daughter
- to stay away from Hamlet. But he later becomes convinced that Oilia's lack of affection is the reason for Hamlet's melancholy.
- Pelonius decides to observe the couple together in secret, hiding behind a tapestry with Claudius. But when Oilia tries to flirt with Hamlet, his mind is
- on his father's murder, and he rebukes her advances, proving Pelonius wrong. Next, Claudius recruits Hamlet's school friends, Rosen Cray and Gilden Stern, to
- discover the reason for Hamlet's foul mood. But Hamlet quickly realizes that his friends are working against him as spies.
- Dodging his questions, Rosen Cran and Gilden Stern tell Hamlet that they ran into a troop of actors on their way to the castle and invited them along to
- perform for the court. Hamlet decides to have these actors perform a play based on the murder of his father to see how Claudius reacts.
- If he seems rattled by the performance, it will prove his guilt. Meanwhile, Claudius learns that Fortonra, the prince of enemy Norway,
- has expressed interest in waging war on Denmark, owing to the recent change in the country's leadership. Claudius is reassured, however, when he
- learns that Norway's king has forbade Forton from invading Denmark and that the Norwegian army intends to invade a small area in Poland instead.
- To do so, they need Claudius's permission to march through Denmark, which he grants. That evening, Claudius indeed seems
- disturbed by the performance of Hamlet's play and even storms out, convincing Hamlet of his guilt. Hamlet decides to tell his mother. But
- on his way to her chamber, Hamlet overhears Claudius confessing his sins, including the murder, to God.
- Hamlet nearly kills Claudius, but stops short, realizing that if he killed his uncle while he was praying, Claudius would go straight to heaven.
- Hamlet goes to Gertrude's chamber and tries to convince his mother of Claudius's evil character. Meanwhile, Pelonius is once again spying on their
- conversation from behind a curtain. At one point, Gertrude misinterprets Hamlet's words. Thinking he intends to kill her, she screams out for help,
- causing Pelonius to scream as well. Assuming it's Claudius behind the curtain, Hamlet stabs at the fabric, killing Pelonius.
- Following Pelonius's death, Hamlet's friends, Rosen Cran and Gilden Stern, escort Hamlet on a diplomatic mission to England at the request of Claudius.
- However, Hamlet is unaware that Claudius gave them a letter for the English king, instructing him to have Hamlet killed upon his arrival.
- Soon, Hamlet discovers this letter in Rosen CR and Gilden Stern's possession, and secretly replaces it with one asking that his friends be killed instead of
- him. Meanwhile, Pelonius's son, Leertes, upset over his father's murder, confronts Claudius and threatens to
- seize the throne from him with the help of an angry mob. Claudius assures him that Hamlet is responsible. And together, they decide
- to arrange for a casual jewel between Hamlet and Leertes, who is a skilled swordsman.
- Secretly, they plan to line Leertes's sword with poison, ensuring that even a small wound will kill Hamlet. As an added precaution, Claudius will
- prepare a cup of poison to give to Hamlet during the fight. Returning home from his journey, Hamlet passes through a cemetery, encountering
- a gravedigger in the midst of preparing a new grave. Engaging in word play with the man, Hamlet irreverently picks up the skull
- of Yoro, a court gesture he knew as a child, and muses about the nature of mortality. Soon, a funeral procession arrives, and
- Leertes informs Hamlet that the newly dug grave is for Oilia, who driven mad by Hamlet's rejection, drowned herself. Leertes leaps upon Ailia's grave to hold
- her body once more. And Hamlet dives in after him, nearly coming to blows with Leertes. Hamlet assures him that he loved Oilia
- 40 times as much as a brother could, then flees the cemetery. Back at court, Hamlet learns of Leertes's intention to challenge him to
- a duel. Horatio worries that Leertes is a better swordsman, but Hamlet assures him he has been practicing and agrees to the fight.
- At first, Hamlet is doing so well that Gertrude toasts to him with a poisoned cup, drinking it before Claudius can stop her. Leertes, seeing that his and
- Claudius's plan will soon become clear, slashes Hamlet with the poisoned sword. But as the men scuffle, their swords are switched around and Hamlet wounds
- Leertes with the poison sword as well. As they both die, Leertes tells Hamlet of Claudius's plan, and Hamlet stabs his uncle, killing him. With Hamlet,
- Claudius, Gertrude, and Leertes all dead, the path is cleared for Fort Passing through on his way to Poland to claim the throne.