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Fake News: Fact & Fiction - Episode 1: The meaning of ‘fake news’
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- Hello, I'm Hugo. And I'm Sam. Welcome to Fake News: Fact and Fiction from BBC
- Learning English. In this series we're looking at a topic that's on the tip of
- everyone's tongues: fake news. Yes fake news - we'll find out what it is and what it
- isn't. We'll look at where it comes from and how it can be dangerous and we'll
- also show you how you can become a fake news
- detective with tips and suggestions for developing your critical thinking skills.
- We're starting today with the look at the word fake itself - what does it actually
- mean and how do we use it? Over to you, Sam. Okay, well actually, thank you Hugo,
- I want to show you something I prepared earlier so it's really over to me, Sam
- So what do we know about the word fake? The word fake is first recorded in
- the late 18th century. It's slang used by criminals in
- London with meanings connected to their illegal activities. Today it can be an
- adjective, a noun or a verb and is used when talking about things that are not
- real, not genuine but are designed to make people think that they are real or are
- genuine. So where do we see this word? The news is full of stories of fakes - fake
- works of art, fake concert tickets, fake documents and fake qualifications to
- name only a few. In some places you can buy fake designer goods even knowingly
- or unknowingly. However those looking for a bargain could end up with
- dangerous fake goods or even fake medicines. All these kinds
- of fakes can be called counterfeit. Being fake isn't always for criminal
- reasons, though. People and how they act can be called fake too, like smiling,
- laughing being injured and even, even, even, yes, not confident but want to ace
- that job interview - fake it till you make it. And sometimes what is fake
- is more ethical. For example, if you wear fur is it real or fake? Fake fur is
- regarded to be more ethical so much so that real fur is sometimes labelled as
- fake. So knowing what is real and what is fake and what is fake fake can be tricky.
- How do we choose what to buy, where to go, even where to stay? Many of us look
- at reviews online but even then we have to watch out for fakes. The digital world
- of social media and the internet are places where it can be very difficult to tell
- what is fake and what is real and that brings us to perhaps the most common
- phrase associated with the word fake these days - fake news
- Fake news - do you hear what I am saying?
- Something different here...Yes, so obviously those were fake ears.
- And that's a fake laugh but it's a comedy classic fake ears really just to
- demonstrate that not everything fake is bad. And can I say that laugh was a
- counterfeit laugh? That's a really good question actually but no. So we use the
- word counterfeit to describe real objects, real things that are fakes or
- for example documents money, paintings, jewellery, they can all be counterfeit but
- a laugh no matter how fake or false is not counterfeit no. And you, have you had
- any experience with fake things? So I did have a friend who was setting up his own
- business and he did ask me to write him a fake review online. What happened?
- Ah no comment. What about you? I haven't bought anything fake or
- counterfeit but I think we've seen you know fake t-shirts, fake shoes, bags
- everywhere right. But now let's turn to fake news itself. Yes. So the words fake
- and news as we know have existed separately for a very long time but as a
- journalist Hugo, when did you start seeing them together being used as a thing. I
- think we all became more familiar with it in the 2016 election campaign in the US
- because Donald Trump was a big fan of it to essentially dismiss
- anything he didn't like but you may be surprised to find out that he wasn't
- actually the first one to use it. Earlier I was joined by Mike Wendling from BBC
- Trending. He's written a piece called 'The almost complete history of fake news' and
- he was here to explain more about the recent history of this term.
- So people may be surprised that Donald Trump wasn't you know the first one to
- use it back in the election in 2016. No actually it was his opponent Hillary
- Clinton who was the first person to utter the words fake news and she was
- describing a process by which people were inventing stories and they were
- going viral on social media. These stories were fake, they were being written... there
- was a famous example that was uncovered by BuzzFeed where these
- stories were being written by people in Macedonia and those
- people weren't necessarily interested in Trump or interested in bashing Hillary
- Clinton. What they were interested in was money. Through Facebook they could
- draw people into their websites and then make money off of advertising and
- that's why they wrote these sensationalised completely made-up
- stories that we now have come to know as fake news.
- And misinformation you know fake news has existed for many many
- years right but now the difference is social media and how easy it is to you
- know spread this kind of disinformation. That's right - there's always been
- mistakes, propaganda, spin, or just lies by political candidates, that has always
- existed. This is a new type of information and a new type of how
- information spreads online and what that means is that it can be spread faster
- than ever before by people who might be anonymous or might be thousands of
- kilometres away. So it's really a challenge for
- media organisations, social media organisations and really all of us to
- try and figure out how to separate the truth from the fiction. And you can find
- out more about Mike's work on the BBC Trending blog on the BBC News website
- and also on the BBC World Service. Mike thanks for joining us. Thank you.
- So Sam, what did you make about what Mike was saying there? I thought it was
- really really interesting and he mentioned words like spin and propaganda which we
- are going to talk about more in a later programme but one word I wanted to pick up
- today was the term 'viral' that he used. So viral is the adjective and it comes from
- the noun virus which as you know is a medical term and as you also know a
- virus can spread really, really quickly so when we use something viral when we
- use the term viral, to go viral online, it basically means it spreads really really
- quickly across the Internet. Yes we all know about it, very interesting. Now
- before we wrap up for today, Sam, remind us about the word fake. OK, absolutely.
- So fake means not real it is not genuine and grammatically the word fake can be a
- verb. So you can fake a smile, you can fake a laugh, as Hugo did before, you
- can also fake being confident. It can also be a noun so a picture is a fake,
- the diamond ring my grandmother left me was a fake for example, and it is
- commonly used as an adjective so I was talking earlier about the fake review
- which I of course didn't write and also if you're unlucky you might buy fake
- tickets for a concert or things like that. If we're talking about fake objects
- like documents, money or copies of well-known brands for example you can
- also use the word counterfeit. Thank you, Sam and that's all from us today. Do
- join us again next time on Fake News: Fact and Fiction.
- Thank you, bye-bye. Goodbye.