Buddhist Stupa: Why you must know more about Stupa and Everything that you need to know about  Stupa
Bodhisattva 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uspcCmGxkGE

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0:02 stupas are some of the oldest structures of worship in india till a thousand years ago the entire region in the indian
0:10 subcontinent from afghanistan to bangladesh was dotted with thousands of stupas large and small
0:18 now only a few survive and most of them are in very bad shape
0:23 but why these supers were made in the first place what is the significance of stupa in buddhism
0:30 what kind of role did it play in spread of buddhism why
0:35 this super looks different from this super and this stupa why the abundant supers in india were targeted continuously by treasure hunters
0:46 for centuries what was there in the stupas which was of so much interest to the treasure hunters let us know more about stupas and
0:56 understand their significance so that we can appreciate and preserve them in a better way we are going to talk
1:04 about the origin of stupa its different types architecture significance
1:10 and the global expansion and evolution of super architecture this is a comprehensive video on stupa in india the construction of stupa
1:21 started in prehistoric times which goes before the advent of the indus valley civilization later
1:29 the remains of kings and great teachers were buried in mount out of both respect and fear of the dead sometimes
1:39 the ascetics were buried in a seated meditative position those mounts in ancient india were low
1:46 circular mounds of earth kept in place by a ring of boulders the boulders and rings
1:53 also served to mark the mound as a sacred space the word stupa is mentioned
2:01 in several ancient scriptures including rigveda later stupas were also built to honor buddha
2:10 arhats bodhisattvas and important teachers and monks in buddhism
2:17 stupa became the most recognized former buddhist architecture in every buddhist country according to mahaprabhuta
2:25 when buddha was asked how to honor his remains after his pranipan he instructed his chief disciple ananda
2:33 that his body should be treated like that of a chakrarati or universal king after wrapping his body in several layers of clothes his body
2:42 should be placed in two iron vessels and after the cremation the relics should be placed in a stupa where four roads meet
2:51 after the cremation of buddha his relics were divided into eight equal parts and enshrined in stupas across india
3:00 most of the original relic stupas are lost and yet to be discovered however two of them were later rediscovered
3:09 one was the ramagramas dupa in nepal of the golia clan and another in vaishali
3:16 of the lichuay clan during the 3rd century bc king ashoka opened up the israeli stupas and distributed the relics of buddha
3:26 in 84 000 of stupas spread across the known world this played a major role in the spread of buddhism he was not successful in
3:35 opening the ramagrama stupa because it was fiercely guarded by the snakes many historians infer that perhaps the rama gramas tupa was
3:46 guarded by the warriors of the naga clan rama grammar stupa is the only original undisturbed relic stupa
3:55 stupas can be divided into five types based on their structure and function the first type is relic stupa the relic stupa
4:05 enshrines the body remains of buddha his disciples and important monks
4:12 the stupa of rama grammar and the vasalis tupa are original relic stupa the stupa number three of sachi enshrined relics
4:21 of sariputta and moghalana two prime disciples of buddha object stupa is another kind of stupa which enshrines
4:30 objects belonging to buddha or his disciples such as the begging bowl or robe ganeshka built a stupa
4:38 near peshawar that enshrined the paola putta the naspindika stupid sravasthi
4:45 was built over the house of anatomica one of the prominent lay disciples of buddha the third type of stupa
4:53 is the commemorative stupa which commemorates important events in the life of buddha or his disciples dhamik stupid sarnath commemorates
5:04 the first sermon of buddha while the kesarya super refers to the event when buddha gifted his begging bowl
5:12 to the people of bashali during his last journey to kashinakar the fourth type of stupa is the symbolic stupa which symbolizes
5:21 different aspects of the teachings of buddha or his dharma the borobudur stupa in java is the symbol of the three worlds
5:29 and the spiritual stages in buddhism similarly the amravati supa in anthra represents symbolically the five important episodes
5:39 in the life of buddha that is birth great renunciation
5:45 enlightenment first sermon and parinipana the last type of stupa
5:51 is the votive stupa they are constructed to commemorate pilgrimage visits or to gain spiritual merits
5:59 they are generally found near major sites of pilgrimage or around prominent stupas which are most visited there are hundreds of beautifully carved
6:09 votive stupas in sarnath both gaya and sachi these can be made from stones metals or
6:17 glass the basic shape of the stupa represents the seated buddha
6:23 the square base represents the buddha's cross legs as he sat on the earth the middle section called the mound or
6:33 under is the buddha's body and the conical spire or cone at the top
6:39 represents the buddha's head there may also be a wooden pole within the supa
6:45 representing the buddha's spine the structure of stupa tends to follow the same gender layout
6:53 the under or hemisphere is placed on race platforms or drums
6:59 and is surrounded by circumambulatory parts with beautifully decorated railings many stupas
7:05 are placed on a square base and the four sides represent the four directions north south east and west
7:14 each side often has a gate in the center which allows the visitor to enter from any side the gates are called thoran
7:23 which provides access to the walking paths each gate also represents the four great life events of the buddha
7:32 east represents buddha's birth south the enlightenment west the first sermon and north
7:39 represents nirvana the role of the drums is to raise the hemisphere circling the drums and hemisphere
7:47 are railings that define a circumambulatory path used by devotees to ritually walk around the stupa as a form of worship
7:56 the paths are generally a few meters wide the railings and torrents of the paths also served as
8:03 locations for inscriptions recording the donations of buddhist monks nuns and lady from different regions
8:11 at the top of the stupa is a yesterday or spire which symbolizes the axis of the earth the yesterday is surrounded by a hamika
8:20 which is a stone or wooden gate or fence and is stopped by chatras or parasols which is a symbol of royalty and protection
8:31 they also symbolize the bodhi tree the location where the buddha gained enlightenment
8:37 at budgaya sometimes the harmika is stopped by multiple parasols the base of the hermika is the place
8:47 where the urns containing the remains of the buddha or the great teachers were placed in a gold or silver casket
8:55 with very few exceptions the majority of relic deposits are not those of the buddha but of saints
9:02 and senior monks the super generally contains a treasury filled with various objects
9:10 which are offerings while jewelry and other precious objects are also placed within
9:16 it is believed that the more the objects are placed into the treasury the stronger the stupas energy a wooden pool covered with gems and
9:25 mantras is an important element of a stupa and is placed in the stupa central channel during the initiation ceremony
9:34 the rally casket made with precious metals or stones along with the treasury made the abandoned stupas
9:42 target of treasure hunters unfortunately many of the stupas were damaged or destroyed by treasure hunters
9:51 including those from europe during the colonial times the earliest tupas contained portions of the buddha's ashes
9:59 and as a result the stupa began to be associated with the body of the buddha these early stupas were hemispherical
10:08 with a low base while the later ones assumed an increasingly cylindrical form with a well-developed drum in the later
10:16 surpass the base terraces and the umbrellas were multiplied however
10:23 open-air supers or pilgrimage supers were not the only types of stupas built in india stupas were also constructed
10:32 inside the rocket caves or chathas of buddhist monasteries stupas in the rocket caves were usually simpler than the open air
10:42 stupas these tupas typically consisted of three parts one or two drums
10:48 the under or hemisphere and a hamilkar in all of these complexes the stupa is located at one end of a columned chattya hall
10:58 opposite the entrance and a large window which provides only natural light while the rocket monastic chatty halls did have circumambulatory paths but they
11:09 are situated along the perimeter of the chateau halls rather than immediately adjacent to the under or hemisphere
11:17 as in open-air stupas unlike open-air super complexes the stupas in most of the rocket caves did not contain relics
11:26 although a few complexes did but this was more of an exception the lack of relic suggests
11:33 that the nature of super worship in rocket super complexes was different than the larger open super complexes
11:42 initially stupas were worshiped for what they contained and the relics of buddha was taken as the presence of the living
11:51 buddha the worshipping of the stupa was led by king ashoka during the third century bc
11:58 during the initial centuries after the parinipan of buddha buddha was expressed by four principal symbols which corresponded to major
12:07 events in his life first symbol was elephant which depicted buddha's birth second was bodhitri
12:15 depicting enlightenment third was chakra which depicted dhamma and fourth was supa which depicted parinipan
12:24 the worship of stupa began as a symbol of pranipan because dhupath made the presence of lord buddha
12:32 felt through his mortal remains like his relics nail hair and teeth that it contained therefore the stupa was an object of
12:43 worship ashoka also started the celebration of deepakotsa or the festival of lights
12:50 on this occasion the stupas were worshiped by lighting up the diaz or earthen lamps in series
12:58 this fact has also been proved by the availability of a large number of diyas that have been obtained during the archaeological excavations of stupas
13:07 over the next centuries the early stupas at sachi bharata dharmarajika and amraoti became important pilgrimage sites
13:18 for the buddhist lady buddhist worship focused upon stupas both large supers containing relics and the smallest dupas within rockcut
13:28 caves in addition several monasteries were established around the stupas throughout the subcontinent
13:35 these monasteries also became centers of learning and teaching in super complexes the primary form of individual ritual
13:44 is circumambulation of the stupa the pilgrim cannot enter the stupa as it is a solid object instead the pilgrim walks around it as a
13:55 meditational practice focusing on the buddha's teachings pilgrims will either prostrate themselves multiple times before the super or
14:05 circumambulate clockwise around it or do both or simply meditate they also honor stupas with flowers incense and
14:14 sandalwood through circumambulation an individual accumulates merit assuring faster attainment of nirvana
14:24 when ancient buddhist pilgrims visited any of the famous tupas it was custom to make some offerings to the shrine and
14:32 at the same time set up some memorial of their visit these offerings consisted of money jewels and other costly articles by the
14:42 rich and fruit flowers and sandalwood for the common masses pilgrims also used to make votive
14:50 offerings of small stupas to gain merit and to improve one's karma since the votive stupas are small they can be easily transported
15:01 these supers along with small statues of buddha and other buddhist deities were carried across nepal and into tibet helping to spread buddhism the stupas
15:12 and monasteries receive the patronage of kings merchants bankers and even the monks themselves donation inscriptions from sanchi and
15:21 bharat show that people travelled great distances to worship at the stupa these inscriptions provide a record of
15:30 people who supported stupas and monasteries along with listing names and hometowns main inscriptions list the donors
15:37 occupation the inscription saw that the major donations came from the monks merchants and artisans with the spread of buddhism
15:48 stupa architecture was adopted in southeast and east asia the stupa gateway arches or turins reached east asia
15:57 including china and japan along with buddhism in tibet the stupa became the charton
16:05 and the pagoda in east asia nepal houses some of the most beautiful and large stupas including the swambunath stupa and the bodhnat stupa
16:16 in the kathmandu valley stupas were built in sri lanka soon after king davanam pyatisa of anuradhapura converted to buddhism the jaitavana
16:26 ramaya stupa in anuradhapura was one of the tallest non-pyramid ancient structures in the world
16:34 in sri lanka the stupa is known as dagobah sri lanka is dotted with some of the highest
16:40 and most ancient supas in the world but perhaps the highest number of stupas
16:47 are there in myanmar which is also home to the world famous shreddagon pagoda with the spread of buddhism the stupas
16:57 reached the other continents also the 108 feet tall binal medina in southern spain is the highest supine europe
17:07 while the 108 feet tall great stupa of dharmkaya in colorado is one of the highest tupas in the u.s there is one beautiful stupa at the kaal
17:18 chakra kalpa center in austria another super based on the borobudur stupa of jawa is located at amravati buddhist monastery in the
17:28 united kingdom the architecture of stupa has also evolved with time though the core ideology of the super is
17:36 retained in terms of architectural design to this day the difference between the traditional and modern supers
17:44 lies in the materials used in the construction the partly putra karuna's dupin patna is a glass structure the sambodhi
17:51 chatyan sri lanka is a concrete structure based on a platform supported by two interlocking arches
17:58 with access via elevators stupas remain one of the central architectural structures of buddhism and have evolved
18:06 with time but its significance in buddhism has remained unchanged for the last 2 500 years
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