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To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee | Inside English Channel
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- Welcome to Inside English. Step inside the world of stories, language, [music] and ideas. Hello everyone. Welcome back to Inside
- English. I'm Amelia. [music] It's so good to have you here today. Today we talk about a very special book. This book is from America. It is about
- children. It [clears throat] is about fear. It is about courage. And it is about love. The book is called To Kill a Mockingbird.
- The writer is Harper Lee. She writes this book in 1960, but the story happens in the 1930s. That is a long time. Ago,
- this book is famous all around the world. Many people read it. Many people love it. Why? Because it shows us something important. It shows us how to
- be brave. It shows us how to be kind even when the world is not kind to us. Before we start, I want to ask you a question. Think about this question in
- your heart. Here is the question. When do you feel afraid? And when do you choose to be brave? Keep this question in your mind. We will come back to it
- later. Now, let me tell you about this story. The story happens in a small town. The town is called Makeome. It is in
- Alabama. Alabama is in the south of America. The town is very small. Everyone knows everyone. The summer is very hot. The days move slowly. In this
- town, there is a little girl. Her name is Scout. She is 6 years old when the story begins. Scout is not like other girls. She does not wear dresses. She
- does not play quietly. She likes to run. She likes to ask questions. She is curious about everything. Scout lives with her family. Her father is Attacus.
- Her brother is Jem. Je is four years older than Scout. They also live with Kalpernia. Kalpernia works in their house. She cooks. She cleans. But she is
- more than that. She is like family. She loves the children. She teaches them right from wrong. Scout's mother is not there. She dies when Scout is very
- young. So Attekus raises the children alone. And Attekus is special. He is very special. Attakus is a lawyer. That means he helps people with the law. He
- is quiet. He is gentle. He does not shout. He does not hit. He reads books every night. He wears glasses. The children think he is old. They think he
- cannot do anything exciting. But Attekus teaches them something important. He teaches them with his words. He teaches them with his actions. He
- teaches them that courage is not about being strong. Courage is about doing what is right. Even when it is hard, even when you are afraid.
- In the summer, Scout and Jem play outside. They have a friend. His name is Dill. Dill comes every summer. He stays with his aunt. Dill is small. He is
- funny. He has a big imagination. The three children play together. They run. They laugh. They make up games. But there is one place they always look at.
- One place that makes them curious and a little bit scared. This place is a house. It is the Radley house. It is next to their house. But no one goes
- there. No one sees the people inside. The yard is dark. The windows are always closed. The house looks sad. It looks lonely. Inside this house, there is a
- man. His [clears throat] name is Boo Radley, but no one calls him Arthur. Everyone calls him Boo. Buu never comes outside. People say strange things about
- him. They say he is dangerous. They say he did something bad when he was young. They say his father keeps him locked inside. The children are fascinated by
- Buu. They are also afraid. Jem tells scary stories about him. Dill dares them to touch the house. Scout feels her heartbeat fast when they walk past the
- gate. But here is something interesting. Here's something to think about. The children are afraid of Buu, but they never meet him. They never see him. They
- only hear stories. They only imagine. Sometimes we are afraid of things we do not understand. We are afraid of people who are different. We create stories in
- our minds and these stories make us more afraid. This is one idea in the book. Fear comes from not knowing. Fear comes from
- stories other people tell us. But what happens when we learn the truth? What happens when we look closer? Let's continue with the story. Summer passes.
- The children go to school. Scout does not like school very much. She already knows how to read. Attekus teaches her at home, but her teacher gets angry. The
- teacher says Scout learns the wrong way. Scout feels confused. She does not understand. She talks to Attekus. Attakus is kind. He listens. Then he
- tells her something wise. He says, "You never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it." What does this mean? It means we
- must try to see the world through other people's eyes. We must try to feel what they feel. We must try to understand their life, their pain, their joy, their
- fear. This is hard to do, but this is important. This is how we learn kindness. This is how we learn love. Scout tries to remember this, but she is
- still young. She still gets angry sometimes. She still fights with other kids. She still asks many questions. One day, something interesting happens.
- Scout and Jem find something. They find it in a tree. There is a hole in the tree. The hole is near the Radley house. Inside the hole, there are small things.
- There is chewing gum. There are two old coins. There are small dolls. The dolls look like Scout and Gem. Who puts these things there? The children do not know,
- but they think maybe. Maybe it is Buu. Maybe Buu watches them. Maybe Buu wants to be their friend, but he cannot come outside. So, he leaves little gifts.
- This is a turning point. The children start to think differently about Buu. Maybe he is not scary. Maybe he is lonely. Maybe he is kind. Time passes.
- The children grow a little older. Then something big happens in the town. Something that changes everything. Adakus takes a case. A case is a legal
- problem. A lawyer helps with this problem. But this case is different. This case is dangerous. A black man is accused of a crime. His name is Tom
- Robinson. A white woman says Tom hurts her. She says he attacks her, but Tom says this is not true. Tom says he did not do it.
- In the 1930s in the South of America, life is very hard for black people. There is something called segregation. This [clears throat] means black people
- and white people must stay separate. Black people cannot go to the same schools. They cannot sit in the same places. They cannot drink from the same
- water fountains. Many white people do not treat black people fairly. Many white people think black people are less important. This is
- wrong. This is very wrong. But this is how things are at that time. So when a black man is accused by a white woman, most people believe the
- woman. They do not care about the truth. They only care about the color of skin. But Attakus is different. Attakus believes in justice. He believes
- everyone deserves a fair chance. He believes in the law, so he decides to defend Tom Robinson. He decides to be Tom's lawyer. Many people in the town
- get angry. They say Attekus is wrong. They say terrible things about him. They say terrible things about his children. Some people even threaten him. Scout and
- Jem hear these things. They hear people say bad words about their father. They hear their friends repeat what their parents say. Scout gets into fights. She
- wants to protect her father's name. But Attakus tells the children something important. He says, "Hold your head high and keep
- your fists down." He says, "Fighting is not the answer." He says they must stay calm. They must be brave with their hearts, not their hands. This is hard
- for the children, especially for Scout. She is young. She is angry. She wants to fight back, but she tries to listen to her father. She tries to be brave in a
- different way. One night, something scary happens. A group of men comes to the jail. Tom Robinson is in the jail. The men are angry. They want to hurt
- Tom. They want to take him away. They do not want a trial. They want violence. Attakus knows this might happen. So he goes to the jail. He sits outside. He
- reads his newspaper. He waits. He is calm. But inside he must be afraid. How can he not be afraid? But he stays because this is the right thing to do.
- Then the children come. Scout, Jem, and Dill follow Attekus. They want to see what happens. They hide at first, but then Scout sees the angry men. She does
- not understand the danger. She runs to her father. The men surround them. The air feels heavy. The men's faces look hard. This is a dangerous moment. But
- then, Scout does something unexpected. She recognizes one of the men. She knows him. She talks to him. She asks about his son. She is polite. She is innocent.
- She does not understand the hate in the air. And something amazing happens. The man looks at her. He remembers he is not just an angry person. He is also a
- father. He is also a neighbor. He is also a human being. The crowd changes. The anger fades a little. The men leave. Tom Robinson is safe for now. This is a
- powerful moment in the story. Scout does not mean to be a hero. She's just a child. She is just being herself. But her innocence breaks through the hate.
- Her simple human connection reminds the men of their humanity. Sometimes the smallest gesture can change everything.
- Sometimes seeing someone as a person, really seeing them can stop violence. Can stop hate. Now comes the trial. The trial is when the case goes to court. A
- judge listens. A jury listens. The jury is a group of 12 men. They decide if Tom is guilty or not guilty. The whole town comes to watch. The courtroom is full.
- White people sit downstairs. Black people must sit upstairs in the balcony. This is segregation. This is the unfairness of that time. Scout, Jem, and
- Dill want to watch, too. They sit upstairs with the black community. They sit with Reverend Sykes. He is the minister of the black church. He is kind
- to the children. The trial begins. The woman's name is Myella Ule. She says Tom Robinson attacks her. Her father, Bob Ule, says the same thing. Bob Ule is a
- cruel man. He is a drunk. He is mean. [clears throat] Many people do not like him. But he is white. And in this town at this time, that matters more than
- anything. Then Attekus asks questions. He is calm. He is respectful. But he is smart. He shows that Myella's story does not make
- sense. He shows that the injuries on her face come from someone who is left-handed. Tom Robinson's left hand does not work. It is injured. He cannot
- use it. Attakus also shows something else. Tom Robinson is a good man. He is kind. He helps me with chores. He feels sorry for her. She is lonely. Her father
- is cruel to her. Tom tries to be helpful. That is all. But in that time, in that place, a black man cannot feel sorry for a white woman. People see this
- as disrespect. They see this as breaking the social order. Attakus' closing speech is beautiful. He talks about justice. He talks about equality. He
- says all people are equal in the courtroom. He says the jury must look at the evidence. They must not look at the color of skin. The children listen.
- Their hearts fill with pride. Their father is brave. He speaks the truth. Surely the jury will see this. Surely Tom will be free. But the jury makes
- their decision. They say Tom Robinson is guilty. Scout and Jem cannot believe it. How can this happen? The evidence is clear. Tom [clears throat] is innocent.
- Everyone knows it. But the jury chooses prejudice over truth. This is a heartbreaking moment. This is the moment when the children lose their
- innocence. They see that the world is not always fair. They see that doing the right thing does not always lead to a happy ending. They see that racism is
- powerful. It is cruel. It is wrong. Je cries. He feels angry. He feels confused. He does not understand how adults can be so unfair. Attakus tries
- to comfort him. Attakus [clears throat] is sad, too, but he is not surprised. He knows this is how the world works. But he also knows that fighting for what is
- right still matters even when you lose. After the trial, Tom Robinson is sent to prison. Attakus plans to appeal. That means he will try again with a higher
- court. But Tom does not wait. Tom tries to escape. The guards shoot him. Tom dies. This is a tragedy. Tom is innocent. But he dies because of lies.
- He dies because of racism. He dies because he loses hope. Attakus must tell Tom's wife. Her name is Helen. Attakus drives to her house. Scout watches her
- father. She sees his shoulders bend. She sees his sadness. This is the weight of injustice. This is the cost of trying to do right in a wrong world.
- Most of the town moves on quickly. They do not care about Tom Robinson. They do not think about his family. They do not think about justice. But some people
- understand. The black community sends food to Attekus's house. They leave gifts on his porch. They are grateful. They know he tried. They know he stood
- up when others would not. One person does not move on. Bob Ule. He is angry at Attekus. During the trial, Attekus makes him look foolish. Attakus shows
- that Bob is a liar. Attakus shows that Bob probably beats his own daughter. Bob Ule feels humiliated. He wants revenge. One day, Bob spits in Attekus's face.
- Attakus does not fight back. He stays calm. He wipes his face and walks away. Scout asks why he does not fight. Attakus says, "I wish Bob Ule wouldn't
- chew tobacco." This is Attekus. Even in disrespect, he stays dignified. He does not lower himself to hate. But Bob Ule is dangerous. He is full of rage, and
- his rage has nowhere to go except toward Attekus's children. Halloween comes. The school has a pageant. Scout is in the pageant. She wears a costume. She is
- dressed as a ham. It is a big funny costume. Jem walks with her to the school. They walk through the dark. The path goes through the woods. After the
- pageant, they walk home. It is very dark. Scout cannot see well in her costume. She hears Je walking beside her. They laugh. They are happy. Then
- something happens. Someone follows them. Scout hears footsteps. Heavy footsteps. Fast footsteps. Jem tells Scout to run. They run, [clears throat] but the person
- runs faster. Someone grabs Jem. Scout hears a crack. Jem screams. Scout tries to help, but her costume gets in the way. She falls. She feels hands around
- her. Strong hands, angry hands. Then suddenly, the hands let go. Someone else is there. Someone pulls the attacker away. There are sounds of fighting.
- Scout cannot see. She is confused. She is terrified. Then everything goes quiet. Scout calls for Jem. No answer. She feels around in the dark. She finds
- Jim. He is on the ground. He is not moving. Panic fills her heart. She screams for help. A man carries Jim. The man carries Jim to their house. Scout
- follows. She is crying. She is shaking. Who is this man? She does not know. They get home. Attekus calls the doctor. The doctor comes. Jim is alive, but his arm
- is broken. He is unconscious, but he will be okay. The sheriff comes too. His name is Hec Tate. He looks serious. He tells them something shocking. Bob Ule
- is dead. Someone kills Bob Ule. There is a kitchen knife in his body. Who does this? Heck. Tate looks at the man who carries Jem home. The man stands in the
- corner. He is shy. He is pale. He looks uncomfortable in the light. And Scout realizes this man is Boo Radley. This is the man they fear for so long. The man
- they tell scary stories about. The man they think is a monster. But Boo Radley is not a monster. Buddley saves them. Buddley protects them. Buddley is their
- guardian angel all along. Scout walks to Buu. She is not afraid anymore. She sees him as he is. A shy, gentle man, a lonely man, a kind man. She takes his
- hand. She says, "Hey, Buu, this is one of the most beautiful moments in the book. All the fear disappears. All the stories disappear. There is only the
- truth. The truth is simple. Bu is good. Bu cares about them. Buu watches over them for years. The little gifts in the tree, the blanket on Scout's shoulders.
- One cold night. Buu is always there, protecting them from the shadows. The sheriff and Attakus talk. They discuss what to do. The law says they must
- report what happens. But Hectate says no. He says Bob Ule falls on his own knife. He says it is an accident. He says they will not drag Buddley into the
- light. Buu does not deserve that. Buu is a hero and heroes should not be punished. Attakus worries. He always follows the law, but Scout understands.
- She says, "Well, it would be sort of like shooting a mocking bird, wouldn't it? What does this mean?" Earlier in the book, Adakus tells the children they can
- shoot birds, but they must never shoot a mockingb bird. Mocking birds do not harm anyone. They only sing. They only bring beauty. To kill a mocking bird is a sin.
- Buley is like a mockingb bird. Tom Robinson is like a mockingb bird. They do no harm. They only do good. To hurt them would be a sin. To expose Buu to
- the cruel world would be wrong. So they protect him. They let him go back to his quiet life. Scout walks Buu home. She holds his arm. She leads him like a
- gentleman. They walk up to the Radley porch. Buu goes inside. Scout never sees him again, but [clears throat] she understands now. She understands that
- courage comes in many forms. She understands that kindness lives in unexpected places. She stands on the Bradley porch for a moment. She looks at
- the street. She sees her house. She sees the tree where they find gifts. She sees the sidewalk where they play. And she realizes something important. She sees
- the world through Boo's eyes. All these years, Buu watches them. Buu cares about them. Buu loves them from a distance. You never really understand a person
- until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Attekus's words come back to her. And now Scout understands. She finally understands. The story ends
- quietly. Jem recovers. Life goes on, but everything is different now. The children are not innocent anymore. They see the world clearly. They see the
- good. They see the evil. They see the complexity. Scout sits with Attakus. He reads to her from a book. She falls asleep. Attekus carries her to bed. He
- is tired. He carries the weight of the world, but he is still gentle. He is still kind. He is still Attakus. So, what is this book really about? Yes, it
- is about racism. Yes, it is about injustice. Yes, it is about a trial in a small town. But it is about more than that. This book is about seeing people.
- Really seeing them. Not the stories we hear, not the fear we carry, but the truth of who they are. It is about courage. Not the courage of fighting,
- but the courage of standing up for what is right. Even when you are alone, even when you know you will lose. It is about innocence and experience, about growing
- up, about learning that the world is not perfect, but also learning that we can still choose to be good. We can still choose to be kind. It is about mocking
- birds, about the gentle souls who bring beauty to the world, about protecting them, about not letting cruelty destroy them. [clears throat] Harper Lee writes
- this book from her heart. She grows up in the South. She sees racism. She sees injustice. She sees how fear and ignorance can destroy lives. And she
- writes this story to show us another way, to show us that change is possible, that love is possible, that understanding is possible. Adakus Finch
- becomes a hero to millions of readers. Not because he is strong, not because he wins, but because he tries, because he teaches his children to see with their
- hearts. Because he shows us what it means to have integrity. to have moral courage and scout. Sweet, brave, curious scout. She grows from a child who fights
- with her fists to a young person who understands empathy, who walks in another person's shoes. Who sees Buddley not as a monster but as a friend? Let me
- ask you again the question from the beginning. When [clears throat] do you feel afraid? And when do you choose to be brave? Maybe you are afraid of people
- who are different from you. Maybe you are afraid of standing up when others sit down. Maybe you are afraid of being alone, of being wrong, of losing.
- But this book teaches us that real courage is doing the right thing even when you are afraid. Real courage is seeing people as they are, not as others
- say they are. Real courage is choosing kindness in a world that often chooses hate. Tom Robinson dies in this story. That is
- the sad truth. Justice does not win. Not in the courtroom, not in that time and place. But Attekus tries. The black community knows he tries. The children
- learn from his example. And in that way, the fight continues. The hope continues. And Boo Radley, he goes back to his house, back to his shadows. But he is
- not alone anymore. Scout understands him. She carries him in her heart. She will never forget him. And maybe, just maybe, that is enough. To be seen, to be
- understood, to be loved. To kill a mockingb bird is a book that stays with you. It changes you. It makes you think about justice, about kindness, about how
- we treat each other. It reminds us that every person has a story. Every person has dignity. Every person deserves to be seen. In our world today, we still face
- these questions. We still see inequality. We still see prejudice. We still see people judged by their skin, their religion, their background. And we
- must ask ourselves. What will we do? Will we be like Attakus? Will we stand up? Will we speak out even when it is hard? Or will we be like the jury? Will
- we let fear and prejudice guide us? Will we choose comfort over courage? This book is more than a story from the past. It is a mirror. It shows us who we are,
- and it challenges us to be better. So I want to leave you with one more thought, one more question to carry with you. Who is the mocking bird in your life? Who is
- the person that others do not see? The person who is misunderstood? The person who is lonely? The person who needs protection? And what will you do? Will
- you walk past them? Or will you stop and see them? Really see them? Harper Lee gives us a gift with this book. She gives us Scout's eyes. She gives us
- Attekus's voice. She gives us a chance to learn, to grow, to change. Thank you for listening today. Thank you for spending this time with me. I hope this
- story touches your heart. I hope it makes you think. I hope it makes you want to read the book because there is so much more in these pages. So much
- beauty, so much pain, so much truth. Until next time, keep reading, keep learning, keep seeing the world with open eyes and an open heart. This is
- Amelia and this is Inside [music] English. Take care everyone.
Zum Nachlesen
Wer die Nachtigall störtWer die Nachtigall stört (Originaltitel: To Kill a Mockingbird) ist der deutsche Titel eines 1960 erschienenen Romans der US-Amerikanerin Harper Lee.
Wer die Nachtigall stört (Film)Wer die Nachtigall stört (Originaltitel To Kill a Mockingbird) ist eine unter der Regie von Robert Mulligan entstandene Literaturverfilmung aus dem Jahr …