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Deutsch lernen: Dativobjekt und Akkusativobjekt │ Satzbau A2 - B2
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- That or that? Him or him? And when does the dative object come before the accusative object - and when is it not?
- Hello and welcome to the Lingster Academy! I am your German teacher Julia and today's topic will open your eyes again! So that you can write and speak correctly,
- you need to know which parts of the sentence have to be where in the sentence and why that is so. Today we are mainly looking at the accusative and dative object, including “den, dem, him, him, her, etc., because German learners always have difficulties with this.
- Get my free 1x1 of grammar for today's and many other lessons, in it you will find many rules, exercises and solutions to learn German even faster and better. The link is in the description below the video!
- By the way, today's video is part of my B-grammar course, which will probably take place again in winter. So are you ready Then it starts!
- Language is creative, it's pretty free, and there are endless ways to give or ask for information. Of course, the grammar rules have to be observed as much as possible
- and that's why we now look at the sentence structure in the middle. First of all: There are rules, but you also have a lot of freedom. Take a look:
- Carina buys a television in an electronics store. Carina buys a television in an electronics store. Carina buys a television in an electronics store.
- Carina buys a television in an electronics store. What do you see? Almost all combinations are possible, because the German sentence structure is super flexible.
- You know that the verb has a fixed position. The subject can also only appear in front of or directly after the verb, i.e. at the beginning of the middle. The four sentences hardly differ in meaning, in principle you are saying the same thing with all four sentences.
- BUT! In general, known information is at the front and new information is at the end. This is because it allows your brain to process sentences better.
- This means that you start a sentence with known information and as the sentence progresses you give new information about this topic. This is called the theme-rhema structure.
- In sentence 1, Carina is the theme, she is well known. Then we find out that she is buying a television and, at the end, where she is buying it. You could also order the television on the Internet.
- In sentence 2, Carina is the subject again. She buys something in an electronics store, namely a television. But she could also buy a computer there.
- Do you see the difference between the two sentences? It's really only very small and in an exam or in a text it doesn't matter whether you use sentence 1 or 2, as long as the whole thing is grammatically and content-wise correct.
- In the third movement, the topic is the television, not Carina. The new information is that the television is bought in electronics stores and not, for example, in the supermarket. And in the 4th example it is similar, but now the electrical trade is the topic
- and there Carina buys a television and not a computer. So again: known information at the beginning, new information at the end. While reading, you can practice this wonderfully if you concentrate on the structure of the parts of the sentence.
- In linguistics this is called information structure. When you write yourself, you also decide for yourself which information to put at the beginning and how your sentence develops.
- In all honesty, in order to be able to speak really good German, you need a lot of practice and that takes time, that's quite normal, unfortunately there are no abbreviations. It is best to read a novel for German learners, because there you have a lot of text
- and thus get a feeling for how sentences are structured. I have added a link to literature in the description under the video, with which you can learn optimally. But now we come to the rules that exist for the sentence structure in the middle -
- In general, the following applies: first nominative (subject), then dative object, then accusative object. Look: the secretary is about to send her boss an email.
- the secretary is the nominative subject (who is sending?) her boss is the dative object (to whom is she sending an email?) and an email is the accusative object (who / what is she sending her boss?)
- if the objects are none Nouns are, but pronouns, then different rules apply - first the accusative and then the dative: the secretary sends them to him.
- In this case, the accusative object “she” precedes the dative object “him” - exactly the other way around. And now it gets exciting: what happens if there is a pronoun and a noun? Then the following happens:
- The secretary sends him an email. The secretary sends them to the boss. What do you see?
- The pronouns are in front and the nouns in the back. And there is a very logical reason for this: short information comes before long information. Since a pronoun is very short, it comes closer to the front.
- The two objects are longer, so they are further back. This is also easier for the brain to process and understand. By the way: Subjects and objects can be quite long, of course
- they don't always consist of an article and a noun or maybe an adjective in between. Finally, take a look at the following example: The secretary, who has been with the company for years,
- sends her boss, Dr Matthias Müller from Berlin, an email stating that the minutes from the last meeting are ready. You're looking at a rather complex sentence here.
- Such long sentences are very difficult for German learners to analyze because there are several subordinate clauses, each with a predicate. Of course, if you understand the sentence, you will have less difficulty analyzing it.
- But if you don't understand the sentence completely, you have only one option. Start with the first predicate and work your way through the sentence until you come to the solution. And let's do that now: "works": Who works?
- the secretary - she is the subject "sends": who sends? the secretary - again the subject - these two predicates belong to one subject, namely "the secretary". And that can only mean one thing: We have a long subject with a relative clause:
- The secretary who has been working in the company for years (is the subject). And she's sending something to someone. Who is she sending something to?
- her boss Dr. Matthias Müller from Berlin (he is the dative object). And what is she sending him? an email stating that the minutes from the last meeting are ready (that's the accusative object)
- You can see that this short sentence “The secretary is sending her boss an email” can contain a lot more information. There is more important and less important information in the long sentence. A tip for exams: Try to cross out the less important information
- so that only the most important information remains and you understand the sentence better: The secretary sends her boss an email that the minutes from the last meeting are ready. This information is sufficient for you to understand the content of the sentence.
- Yes, I know that this is not always easy either, because how do you know what is important and what is not? It's all a question of practice and you can get it in my 1x1 of grammar, for example, so get it via the link below the video.
- Yes, that's it again for today! If you liked the video and learned something, subscribe to my channel now and follow me on Instagram and TikTok!
- I wish you every success in your learning and say goodbye, see you for the next video! Your Julia