Want To Grow? It Has to Be Urban Sprawl, Gentrification, or Vertical
Geography King
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14qIGQxG-sU

Transkript (automatisch erstellt)

0:01 how Dy it's Kyle talking about growth and I know we all hate everybody else nobody
0:11 wants people moving to where we live but despite that we do have to have growth but there are only three different ways you can grow has to be either urban
0:19 sprawl gentrification or growing vertical there really is no other option so here I'm going to talk about the three different types of growth some
0:28 specific examples as to where they're going on and just some of the pros and cons of each so let's all sit in a circle hold hands and grow together
0:36 I'm going to start with discussing urban sprawl urban sprawl is simply just building somewhere where humans weren't living before so it can be over
0:44 agricultural land over wooded areas or over big Wilderness areas including open desert I'm going to discuss two different types of urban sprawl the
0:54 first will be large metropolitan areas with a bunch of suburbs each one might be growing a little bit some might not be growing at all but it's kind of
1:01 growing out as a blob in multiple directions and the other is more where it's a smaller town just a single jurisdiction that maybe annexes outside
1:10 County Land keeps growing to its City boundaries growing growing out but it's just one City without suburbs around it when talking about giant metropolitan
1:19 areas with a huge aerial footprint on the ground in the U.S you have to start with Los Angeles from the West End of the metro area in Ventura to the East
1:28 End near Yucaipa it's about 142 miles of constant built up development and from north south you have Castaic at the North End of the metro area in San
1:39 Clemente at the south end of Orange County that's about 108 miles so to put that in perspective to drive across the entirety of Massachusetts from Boston to
1:48 Stockbridge it's about 130 miles and then you have New York the New York metro area has more people than LA but because the heart of it is much more
1:56 densely populated with much more high-rise in the city itself the overall footprint isn't as big but nonetheless it's still quite large from Peak Skill
2:05 New York at the North End of the Metro down to Princeton New Jersey it's about 103 miles and then starting from Princeton going Northeast to Riverhead
2:13 New York on Long Island it's about 134 miles and just like La everything in between all of that is completely built up Urban Development I do want to talk
2:23 about this in differentiation with the Northeast megalopolis with that we usually talk about from about Portsmouth New Hampshire down to Petersburg
2:31 Virginia being basically all built up metro area but within this megalopolis there are still portions that aren't completely built up like Northeastern
2:38 Connecticut and portions of central New Jersey but for say a New York Metro to go from Peak Skill down to Princeton there really is no break at all and from
2:47 Princeton to Riverhead again no break whatsoever in urban comment another huge Metro with a large footprint is the DC Baltimore area if
2:56 you start from Aberdeen Maryland going down to Quantico Virginia it's about 108 miles for Metro Atlanta if you go from
3:04 Peachtree City in the southwestern portion of the metro to Gainesville in the northeastern portion of the Metro it's about 86 miles Rockwall Texas just
3:12 Northeast of Dallas to Benbrook just west of Fort Worth 65 miles and of course there are other megalopolis as well including the Lake Michigan one
3:21 which includes both Chicago and Milwaukee and basically the entire Florida Atlantic Coast from Daytona Beach South is all built up so the
3:29 questions now become how big is too big and how far out is too far out I think all of these are a bit too big in terms of footprint and all need to be thinking
3:38 about infill and this is especially important for cities like Dallas Houston San Antonio San Diego and Phoenix ones where the central city is well over a
3:48 million people and can do a lot in terms of the overall development of the metro area okay so that's a little bit about urban
3:54 sprawl in Metro areas where multiple suburbs are growing at different points the following will be Central cities that have basically total control over
4:02 how much growth they have I'm going to go through some of the states alphabetically starting with Flagstaff Arizona there were about 35 000 people
4:10 at the 1980 census there are almost 80 000 today similarly we have Tracy California there were eighteen thousand people there in 1980 there are 95 000
4:21 today this is one where most of the growth has been over agricultural land so in some of the western Foothills and Mountain areas you have to be careful
4:28 about building over Wildfire Hazard areas while in some of these big agricultural lands you have to worry about building on Prime farmland
4:36 another one worth mentioning is Palm Coast Florida this is roughly halfway between jacksonville-ish and Daytona Beach and it's really the only part of
4:44 the Florida coast on the Atlantic side where there isn't much development but even here Palm Coast had 3 000 people in 1980 14
4:52 000 in 1990 and has 90 000 today so the one part of lightly populated Florida coast on the Atlantic side is rapidly being developed and there really isn't
5:02 going to be much on the Florida coast at all that's going to be undeveloped all right now going up into Montana we have Bozeman which has grown quite a bit 28
5:10 000 people in 2000 about 56 000 today basically double the growth just this Century it's both a college town and a Gateway town to Yellowstone National
5:18 Park so I can see why it's very popular and then you go to the Northwestern corner of the state you have Kalispell and Whitefish in Flathead County 60 000
5:27 in the county in 1990 112 000 today and again big growth into high Wildfire Hazard areas Bend Oregon 20 000 people in 1990 a hundred thousand today most of
5:40 that growth was in the 90s and early 2000s but it is still growing a lot now heading down to South Carolina you have Hilton Head Island there was nothing
5:48 there basically until the 1960s a few Resorts opened up there but there are 40 000 people living there today so basically an uninhabited Barrier Island
5:57 60 years ago now a town of forty thousand a bunch of resorts and golf courses perhaps the biggest city in this category in the US is Sioux Falls South
6:07 Dakota it's been fast growth for a long time 12 sentences in a row with a population growth rate over 10 percent and 10 of those censuses the population
6:16 growth rate was over 20 percent so it's been fast growth for about a hundred years and there are now over 200 000 people that live there and this is one
6:24 of many places where it's been growing a lot for a long time but people are just really blaming their recent locals for all the growth
6:31 and the last specific one I want to mention in this category is St George Utah there were 13 000 people in Washington County in 1970 and they're
6:39 over 200 000 today and just like how you have many cities in the west growing into high Wildfire Hazard areas and the mountains and foothills yet many cities
6:48 in the southwest growing a lot where there's no water but despite the high hurricane hazard in Florida the higher Wildfire risk of the Interior West and
6:56 the lack of water in the southwest people keep moving there they're rolling the dice there has to be a limit to the urban sprawl right
7:03 part of that will be building on Lots or Parcels that have never been used there's going to be some empty lots or a couple of maybe wooded spots within this
7:11 city that that's never been built upon but for the most part your infill development in cities is going to be repurposing of buildings or
7:18 gentrification there are two major types of gentrification ones I feel is usually pretty good and one that has mixed results and I believe good
7:27 gentrification is when you have commercial or industrial Redevelopment almost every big city in the US had one neighborhood directly adjacent to
7:35 downtown in One Direction that was more your Industrial Area you had a lot of auto dealerships there auto repair shops paint and body shops appliance repair
7:44 shops Appliance selling stores but back in the 80s and 90s many of the automotive stuff went out to the suburbs and the Giant auto malls a lot of the
7:52 machine shops closed down and that left a big hole of empty buildings and warehouses directly adjacent to the downtown and the reason why I feel this
8:01 is usually good gentrification is because it doesn't directly displace anybody and yes you can make the argument that Redevelopment in this area
8:08 will raise real estate prices just outside of it and can really force people out in terms of pricing so you can have an indirect removal of people
8:16 in this regard but I believe it's a net positive to take all of the formal Industrial and Commercial area and put it into new use whether it be housing or
8:25 new retail or whatever it is it's better being used as something than just sitting there doing nothing so I'm going to use a couple of examples the first
8:32 one will be Pittsburgh but of all of the Rust Belt cities I think Pittsburgh was the first to really gentrify take some of its older industrial areas empty
8:41 factories and things and turned it into new housing and new developments and this by no means been a perfect transition but I doubt there are many
8:47 folks in Pittsburgh that have lived there for 50 years that think it's worse now than it was back in the 70s and there's a similar situation here in
8:54 Chattanooga when I first moved here in 07 the part of town called the South Side was pretty rough there wasn't a lot going on there it was a red light
9:02 district a lot of drug dealers but he fast forward to today it's one of the very few parts of the city where I'd be willing to walk around by myself late at
9:10 night and so even though some of the housing areas outside of this South Side Redevelopment got more expensive and more hipster and Yuppie folks started to
9:18 move in some of the poor folks to live there had to move farther out it's still really tough to say that it's not better now than it was 20 years ago but that's
9:27 not to say that local governments can't fumble the ball on gentrification like this but I think if done properly it can be good however the other type of
9:34 gentrification that has mixed results is residential replacement and this is when middle class and upper class people move to a low-income neighborhood buy a house
9:43 and fix it up with the rich people amenities most of this type of residential replacement occurs not too far from downtown and many of the folks
9:51 that live there have to move farther and farther out and if you're a family with two cars that might not be a big deal but if you were living downtown walking
9:58 or riding the bus now you have to be out in the suburbs where you have to walk really far just to get to a bus stop or you have to buy a car you can't really
10:05 afford or just in general make other sacrifices to make up for the fact you're having to pay more to get around and we've seen this residential
10:13 replacement from low-income areas to really expensive places in Brooklyn and DC especially but I think the worst I've seen at a smaller scale is Charleston
10:23 South Carolina I do want to show this photo here this is from The Fountain Square neighborhood in Indianapolis and this is what I would
10:30 call bad gentrification so the question for cities becomes how do you grow when you're surrounded by suburbs in all directions technically speaking cities
10:39 don't have to gentrify they don't have to infill they can just build up by not increasing the footprint on the ground you can add a lot of Housing and I think
10:48 most of the big cities in the country would like to see some type of vertical development downtown to increase housing there's certainly a practical limit to
10:55 that and not everyone's going to want to have apartment living downtown but as an observer I do think there are more people that want downtown type living
11:03 than there is downtown housing available and for just about every big city in the country that I drive through you'll see multiple cranes building new high-rises
11:11 most of which are going to be housing as I've mentioned this before in other videos but there are about 30 high rises going up in Toronto almost all of which
11:19 are housing and I'm not going to get much into politics here but a lot of times in the city people that are against gentrification might be four
11:27 vertical development or vice versa maybe there are four infill maybe they want more Suburban growth let the suburbs deal with it but that's local policy
11:35 kind of stuff what you're going to have to decide what to do I can't think of any city in the country that couldn't use both a lot of interior
11:41 identification and New Vertical high-rises but one city that is diversifying is development is Detroit there's been some Redevelopment of
11:49 industrial sites and warehouses into housing there's been some new infill development with brand new apartment complexes and areas that were just empty
11:57 lots or just burned out buildings and you also have multiple high-rises going up downtown that will have a lot of housing in them but overall I would say
12:05 that all types of growth are needed to some extent it's impossible to avoid all urban sprawl there's always going to be some although we should limit it as much
12:13 as we can but you also have a situation right now where people are making the same mistakes they made in the 1950s and 60s with some of the white flight from
12:20 the cities out to the suburbs even though we know that's bad and it backfire then people are still doing it so we'll see how much space that leaves
12:28 in the cities to maybe do even more development with I hope you've all grown through watching this video and I hope you've enjoyed the
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12:41 geography from a nerdy perspective but yeah thanks for watching geography King signing out I'd like to give a special thanks to my
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